The industrialisation and urbanisation have made goods affordable and quickly to obtain. These create hyper-consumption where we use to buy more than what we need, and so fast discard the things that we buy. Access-based consumption is a trend that gains more popularity in today’s society, in which consumer can have access to new and various items without having to own them. One of the access-based consumption is renting, and this concept has been applied in many sectors such as fashion, property and recently it has been applied in items for children since more Millennials are living in limited space and they need to choose which product to own. The study aims to investigate the relationship between perceived risk, frugal shopping, perceived enjoyment and attitude toward renting items for children. The online questionnaire was administered to 100 participants. The results show that psychological risk affects attitude negatively, perceived enjoyment influences on attitude positively, and frugal shopping has some impact on perceived enjoyment and attitude positively. Marketing strategies are suggested for renting business owners by embracing the enjoyment feeling from renting. It is important to promote the benefit of getting new items regularly without having to buy them more often and the benefit of playing and using items beyond their usual shopping budget.

The research explores the direct and indirect effects of reward, personality and job satisfaction on teacher’s organizational commitment in Public Vocational High Schools in Bogor City, West Java, Indonesia. Data for this study was collected quantitatively through a survey, in-volving a proportionate randomly selected sample of 154 teachers, by using a questionnaire. Path analysis supported by descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the data. The results confirm that reward, personality and job satisfaction had significant direct effects on organizational commitment; reward and personality had significant direct effect on job satisfaction; reward and personality had significant indirect effects on organizational commitment by me-diating job satisfaction. Therefore, a fit research model found about the effect of reward and personality on organizational commitment by mediating job satisfaction with research settings on vocational high school in Indonesia. This model cannot only be used as a reference by researchers and practitioners in developing models of organizational commitment that are in accordance with their respective conditions, but can also be further developed and expanded into studies and projects to develop organizational commitment which is more complex and comprehensive by adding variables and other relevant dimensions.

This research provides an analysis and evaluation of consumer purchasing behavior using green electronic marketing of vehicles diversification into new markets, focusing on Electrical Vehicles (Ev) and Hybrid Vehicles (Hv). The world has been making remarkable efforts to make everything green and cleaner by the help of the advanced technology, including transportation. The technology especially the E marketing, social media, etc. focuses on orienting people to believe that hybrid and electrical vehicles generate less pollution, will save money and reduce dependence on natural sources of fuel. This research aims to inspect the relationship between Stimuli Factors, Electrical Vehicles’ (Ev) and Hybrid Vehicles’ (Hv) Consumers and Response Purchase Decisions (S-O-R), in addition to inspect the moderation effects of Psychological Inputs on S-O-R relationship in Vehicle industry of Jordan. The current research used quantitative method to gather accessible data from the sample of the study. Variables used in this study include HVs & EVs consumers, Stimuli factors (marketing inputs, external environment) and positive psychological inputs and response purchase decisions. Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach as a statistical method was used to analyze the data. Results indicate that all the relations had a positive significant, except the interactional relationship be-tween Stimuli factors which includes marketing inputs, external environment, and positive psychological inputs, affect response purchase decisions. In other words, the mediation (HVs & EVs consumers) shows valuable change for the prediction of response purchase decisions while, moderated effect of psychological inputs did not make change.

Organizational cynicism is one of the key factors that should be monitored in an organization since it is largely due to organizational reasons and it can be expressed that some of the most important reasons are human resources management (HRM) practices and organizational justice concepts. Although there are some researches on the bilateral relations of these variables with each other, in the literature, no study that examined the relationships and effects be-tween these three concepts, at the same time, has been observed. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between perceived HRM practices and organizational cynicism with the mediating role of perceived organizational justice. In this study, descriptive approach was applied and to test the research model; a quantitative method and questionnaire-based survey were conducted. The survey data were collected from the employees across local administra-tions (municipalities) in a developing country, Northern Cyprus, by using convenience sampling method. In order to test the conceptual framework, SPSS v24, Hayes Process v3.4 and Amos v22.0 Programs were used. In this context, in SPSS program, exploratory factor analyses and linear regression analysis were performed. Besides, Amos Program was used for confirmatory factor analyses. In addition, Hayes Process analysis was applied to determine the mutual relationships between variables and the direct and indirect effects between each other. According to the results of the analysis, it is observed that the perceived organizational justice mediates the relationship between perceived human resources management practices and organizational cynicism. In other words, the results proved that effective application of contemporary HRM approaches boosts the perception of organizational justice and at the same time helps to reduce organizational cynicism and also high perceived organizational justice reduces organizational cynicism. In addition, in this study, the scale developed by Singh (2004), which was widely used in the measurement of HRM practices in the literature, was further developed by the addition of work conditions, and at last it has been transformed into a more comprehensive scale that can be used in both public and private sectors. Thus, it has been made more appropriate for today's HRM practices and theory. Consequently, this study contributes to the relevant theoretical literature and has some important implications for managers.

Drawing on upper echelon theory, this study investigates the impact of CEOs’ (chief executive officers) demographic characteristics on corporate environmental performance (CEP) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We hypothesized that CEO characteristics, including gender, age, basic educational level, professional educational level, political connection, and ethnicity, affect SMEs’ environmental performance. Using the cross-sectional data analysis of 810 Vietnamese SMEs, this study provides evidence that female CEOs and CEOs’ educational level (both basic and professional) are positively related to the probability of CEP. We also find that based on the role of institutional environment on CEP, political connections had a negative effect on CEP in the context of Vietnam. Another finding is that SMEs with chief executives from ethnic minority groups show a higher level of the probability of corporate environmental performance than companies operated by Kinh chief executives. Since CEP is an essential dimension of corporate social responsibility, a strategic decision for SMEs, it is crucial for the company to select appropriate CEOs based on their demographic characteristics.

This paper examines the impact of financial constraints on the development of Vietnamese firms driven by Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth at the firm level. The effects of financial constraints by FCIf index on TFP growth of 97,860 firms are estimated by applying Dynamic Panel Data model over the period 2012-2017. The results show that there was a negative correlation between FCIf and labor productivity growth and TFP growth in all industries. While FCIf index is increased by 0.1, TFP growth of firms is reduced by 3.71%. The results also show that there was an inverse relationship between FCIf index, and the size of value added and assets of firms. Firms operating in manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, and private firms face the biggest financial constraints.

This research is conducted to examine the process from the intention to purchase life insur-ance among people in two major cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, based on the theoretical framework of theory of planned behavior. The study is conducted in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam through an online questionnaire of 358 people. Based on the data collected, the study used Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory factor analysis, KMO and Bartlett’s test and regression analysis by using SPSS software. The results show that life insurance buying behavior was influenced by purchase intention, attitudes, financial insight and product accessibility. Moreover, it was recognized higher weight of financial literacy and product accessibility in life insurance buying behavior. The research determined that financial knowledge could promote buying intention to actual purchase behavior in the life insurance area.

The current paper was a quantitative study examining the mediating role of E-WOM when it comes to content marketing and its connection with green purchasing intentions in Jordan. The underpinning theory in this study was the social communication (SC) theory. A survey questionnaire was used to collect relevant data, after being distributed to the general managers. Overall, 202 questionnaires were used in this paper's data analysis, and the outcomes were investigated through partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis denoted that the E-WOM controlled the relationship of content marketing with green purchasing intentions. As a result, this paper offers practical findings that companies in Jordan could boost customer intention to purchase green products, by achieving word of mouth and presenting suitable marketing content.

This study aims to examine the effects of higher education on self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intention among Vietnamese students. By collecting data from 553 Vietnamese students at universities and colleges in Vietnam, authors employed the quantitative approach such as certain descriptive statistics, explorative factor analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, ANOVA test and multiple linear regression to analyze the relationship between higher education, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intention. In addition, Chi-square and Cramer’s V tests are implemented to indicate the difference of higher education on entrepreneurial intention. The research results show that there is a positive relationship between higher education and entrepreneurial intention, while self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control also had positive effects on entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, Chi-Square and Cramer’s V test report that there was a strong evidence of higher education in entrepreneurial intention but there were no differences in self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention.

The purpose of this study is to know the effect of entrepreneurship attitude of manager of cooperatives and member motivation in enhancing member participation in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. A questionnaire with a 1-5 Likert’s scale is used to examine the hypothe-ses of the survey. Respondents consisted of 100 leader/managers and 100 members of the cooperatives. The results show that entrepreneurship attitude of manager and member motivations correlated significantly in increasing the participation of cooperative members with r1 = 0.866** and r2 = 0.902**, respectively. Likewise, entrepreneurship attitude of manager and member motivation had significant effects on increasing member participation. It is also found that R-Square = 0.836, and F-value was 247.430. In conclusion, the independent variable significantly correlated and increased participation of the members. It is very important to insert entrepreneurship attitude and motivation in providing cooperative education.