In this paper, we consider a two-echelon supply chain in which one warehouse provides a single product to N retailers, using integer-ratio policies. Deterministic version of the problem has been widely studied. However, this assumption can lead to inaccurate and ineffective decisions. In this research, we tackle the stochastic version of two-echelon inventory system by designing an extension of a well-known heuristic. This research considers customer demands as following a normal density function. A set of 240 random instances was generated and used in evaluating both the deterministic and stochastic solution approaches. Due to the nature of the objective function, evaluation was carried out via Monte Carlo simulation. For variable demand settings, computational experiments shows that: i) the use of average demand to define the inventory policy implies an underestimation of the total cost and ii) the newly proposed method offers cost savings.

The study aimed to examine the effects of accounting technology improvements on the generation of accurate and reliable financial reports in the public sector of Jordan. In order to carry out this inquiry, the researchers set research goals and formulated null hypotheses that were derived from these objectives and afterwards used in the study. The study used an ex-post facto survey methodology as its research technique. The study sample included 250 persons employed at the Ministry of Finance in Jordan. The research included a sample size including 152 people. A questionnaire was used as the primary tool for data collection in this study. The validity of the instrument was established by an evaluation conducted by experts specialising in the field of testing and measurement. The evaluation of the instrument's dependability was performed using the Cronbach Alpha reliability approach, yielding a reliability coefficient ranging from 0.73 to 0.85. The findings of this research demonstrate that the instrument has a significant level of dependability. The data obtained from the surveys underwent analysis using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC) and regression analysis approaches. The present study offers empirical data and affirms the growing significance of financial reporting in the global economic landscape. Ensuring unwavering trust in the financial information pertaining to the public sector has considerable significance for investors. The article proposes that the establishment of a comprehensive framework of guidelines for enterprises' information technology infrastructure would be advantageous for regulatory bodies, such as the Jordan Central Bank. The aim of this method is to reduce the potential danger of the public sector being overwhelmed by outdated technology.

Proficient routes were devised for coupling different aromatic/aliphatic acids with amines to form amide linkage using various catalysts. Under the optimized reaction conditions, highest conversion was possible without formation of any by-products. All synthesized compounds were purified using column chromatography and characterized by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis.

Tourist village program is one development priority program for rural development. Despite numerous opportunities to develop tourist villages such as the availability of natural resources and high demand for tourist villages recently, some challenges are still faced to develop tourist villages, especially in a developing country such as Indonesia. Governance problems, infrastructure, and effective partnership are among other factors that remain challenging in developing tourist villages. This study attempts to identify factors that determine the state of tourist villages in Indonesia and determine the appropriate strategies for better tourist village development. Using the case of tourist villages in Kedung Ombo, Central Java, a water based attractive tourist village, this study uses both machine learning and multicriteria approaches by means of Promethee in order to address the objective of the study. This study shows that government support, application of information technology, infrastructure, local participation, partnership, and attractive variations, are among the determinant factors that affect tourist village development. The study also reveals that the appropriate strategies for tourist village development include, improving infrastructure, institutional strengthening, and capacity building. This study could be used to assist local national as well as sub-national governments to effectively manage tourist villages in Indonesia.

The Nile River is an important natural and exclusive source of fresh water in Egypt. Water samples were taken monthly from twelve sites from 2015 to 2020 in El Beheira Governorate and eighteen physicochemical parameters were measured. The results show that the Rahawy drain recorded the highest values for most of the physicochemical parameters. The HPI and MI indicators in Rahawy drain were higher (70 % & 100 %) than in other sites, especially in the summer and winter seasons. The Rahawy WQI values were classified as poor quality. The IWQI results indicate that the water quality for the Rahawy was within the "severe restriction" class, with many restrictions to be used in agriculture. The water quality of the Nile River in the south of Egypt is better than that of the north and the water quality recovery takes more time and distance.

The goal of this study was to find out how entrepreneurship self-concept, work motivation, and risk taking on human resource department performance and business overall performance at Jordan private universities. To test the study's assumptions, 311 samples from the research study were taken, looked at, and argued about. Entrepreneurship, self-concept, work motivation, and risk taking were all found to affect the success of both human resource department performance and business overall performance. The first factor was the self-concept, which can be seen in self-esteem, self-image, and self-identity. The second most important factor is work motivation, which includes intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, goal setting and orientation. Risk taking is the third and final important factor. It includes participants' risk tolerance, their perception of risk, and their outcome expectations. The study found that helping employees to understand their job nature and how they can do it, increasing the motivation on job work, and increasing the employees’ demands for taking risks can improve performance ratio in human resource department, and that having an organizational structure that encourages teamwork and work teams can improve the ability to solve problems and improve work performance, which in turn affects overall productivity. This study adds new information to a new area that needs more research to fully understand how workload, work pay, and organizational structure pressures all affect each other. This study's topic, Jordan private universities, is both new and important because it could help scientific private universities to improve how they run and give better education output.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the simultaneous spatial relationship between economic growth and e-commerce as well as the spillover effect between the two variables in East Java at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. To answer the research objectives, spatial simultaneous modeling is used with the Spatial Autoregressive Generalized Spatial Three Model. Stage Least Square (SAR-GS3SLS) using rook contiguity. Based on the results of the SAR-GS3SLS, it can be concluded that at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 in East Java, economic growth and e-commerce were simultaneously spatially interconnected. Variables that affect East Java's economic growth are e-commerce activities, the number of villages that have Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and the spatial lag of economic growth (ρ1) while the open unemployment rate (TPT) and the Gini ratio have no significant effect on growth. economy. Variables that affect e-commerce are economic growth, internet banking users, percentage of population who have cellphones, number of millennials, number of villages that have ATMs and spatial lag of e-commerce (ρ2) while the number of villages with 4G/LTE signals has no effect on e-commerce. commerce. Regencies/cities that provide the highest spillover of economic growth and e-commerce in East Java are Malang, Mojokerto and Madiun Regencies. The three districts were able to provide a positive net spillover.

The procurement process is part of Purchase to pay (P2P) that consumes huge company costs. There are many procedures that need to be performed related to data. Without digital technology it might cause human error which will lead to issues in higher cost and will create a lot of delay in the procurement process. To improve procurement performance, selecting the right technologies that will create performance impact is quite a challenging task for the company. This study aims to examine the impact of digital technology adoption on procurement performance and to examine the mechanism through which digital technologies impact procurement performance. Target groups are medium and large manufacturing companies in the Eastern economic corridor, Thailand. In research findings, there is data supporting our hypotheses that digital technology adoption in procurement has a positive impact on procurement performance in cost and cycle time reduction. As a result of the moderation effect, reducing human errors, data availability and responsiveness moderated the positive impact between technology adoption and procurement cost reduction. The effect between technology adoption and procurement cycle time reduction has positively been mediated by reducing human errors and data availability. However, responsiveness rejected the hypothesis that mediates the relationship between technology adoption and procurement cycle time reduction.

Strategy is a way to be able to find effective and efficient ways to achieve goals. There are three important strategies carried out by companies, namely strategic planning, strategic role, and strategic maneuvering. The interesting thing is that relatively not much research has been conducted regarding the measurement of financial performance which is studied from the perspective of corporate strategy that influences financial performance. This is also supported by technological developments that affect companies, so companies must have the right strategy so that the company's financial performance can improve. This study examines the effect of strategic planning, strategic roles, and strategic maneuvers on financial performance. This study uses resource-based view theory as a study in testing the influence model of strategic planning, strategic role, and strategic maneuvering on financial performance. The study is conducted in Indonesia with a sample consisting of owners, directors and managers who use big data analytics in the companies they run. The sampling technique used is convenient sampling. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with the independent variables namely strategic planning, strategic role, and strategic maneuvering and the dependent variable namely financial performance. The results of this study indicate that strategic planning had no significant effect on financial performance, but strategic role had a significant effect on financial performance. Furthermore, strategic maneuvering has a significant effect on financial performance.

This study investigates the intricate relationships between macroeconomic infrastructure, supply chain smoothness, national competitiveness, and economic growth within the BRICS nations—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. This study adopts a quantitative approach with cross-sectional data to examine the interrelationships. The research confirms that macroeconomic infrastructure significantly influences supply chain smoothness and a country's economic growth, underscoring the pivotal role of infrastructure development in enhancing supply chain efficiency and fostering economic expansion. However, rejecting hypotheses regarding the direct impact of supply chain smoothness and national competitiveness on economic growth highlights economic growth dynamics' complex and multifaceted nature within the BRICS context. This study emphasizes the need for nuanced, context-specific strategies to address each BRICS nation's unique challenges and opportunities. Theoretical implications call for a more comprehensive theoretical framework considering the contextual factors influencing economic growth within BRICS countries. Practical implications highlight the importance of strategic infrastructure investments and comprehensive policy approaches that extend beyond isolated factors. Despite its contributions, this study has limitations, including simplifying complex economic relationships and needing more country-specific analyses. Future research should explore broader variables, non-linear relationships, and country-specific nuances to understand economic growth in the BRICS group better.