A simple and economic synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using pyridinium triflate as catalyst under microwave condition was attempted with an easy work-up protocol. Further tetrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine-6-carboxylates were synthesized by three-component coupling reaction of B-ketoesters with a mixture of aromatic aldehyde and 5-aminotetrazole. The products were well characterized with IR, NMR (1H and 13C NMR) and mass spectrometry.

This paper investigates the relation between stock liquidity and firm performance. Liquidity plays an important role on performance of firms listed in Stock Exchange. When there is a good flow of trading stocks, people could expect more financing through absorbing investors on the market. This study examines the relationship between stock market liquidity and firm performance. The sample of the study was the continuously NSE listed top ten indices over the period 2005-2014. To check the relationship between stock market liquidity and firm performance, the ordinary least sequence and general linear models were applied on Gretl and SPSS, respectively. The results of this study showed positive relationship between independent variables, return and age on dependent variable Tobin’s Q. Further relationship between stock market liquidity and firm performance was also check and it was found that stock market liquidity was correlated with higher firm performance as measured by Tobin’s Q.

One of the most important activities of tour and travel agencies is to select the appropriate tour configuration. There are normally two primary objectives of season and time period to set a group of cities called designing tour scenarios. The success of tour scenarios is deeply related to the experiments and wisdom of the experts and planners in travel agencies. This paper presents a fuzzy rule decision making to find the suitable set of cities where different possible criteria are ranked using analytical hierarchy procedure. The proposed model of this paper is applied for a real-world case study of Iranian tour agency and the results are analyzed under different.

Reverse logistics plays a very critical role in the overall strategy of a business and hence need to be very effective in meeting its objectives. Studies have come up with various insights to optimize reverse logistics arrangements within a specific industry or a sector, but presently there is no study which provides an approach to share knowledge drawn out of reverse logistics arrangements, across dissimilar industries and sectors. Such a study is significant because the response to a reverse logistics arrangement is not uniform in an industry or sector in all the countries, due to different market maturity levels, dissimilar consumer behaviour, and the state of the economy itself. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a guide for logistics planners through which they can utilize the learning outcomes that emerge from dissimilar industries or sectors within the same economy also. The research findings show that the reverse logistics arrangements can be categorised into various types on the basis of origin and reason for return. It is shown that the products with dissimilar characteristics can be grouped together into six types depending on the common supply chain member interests. Further, the reverse logistics arrangements change from one type to another as a product moves across its life stages. It highlights an approach using which the knowledge drawn from a reverse logistics type in one sector/industry can be applied to the same type in another sector/industry, by focusing on the product types, whose return share similar supply chain member interests. Logistics network planners can apply the insights that have emerged from this analysis to effectively design reverse logistics channels.

Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is one of the effective techniques for managing the inventory in supply chain. VMI models have been proven to reduce the cost of inventory compared with traditional ones under some conditions such as constant demand and production expenditure. However, the modeling of the VMI problem has never been studied under some realistic assumptions such as price dependent demand. In this paper, three problem formulations are proposed. In the first problem formulation, we study a VMI problem with one buyer and one supplier when demand is considered to be a function of price and price elasticity to demand, and production cost is also a function of demand. The proposed model is formulated and solved in a form of geometric programming. For the second and the third models, we consider VMI problem with two buyers and two suppliers assuming that each buyer centre is relatively close to the other buyer centre. Each supplier has only one product which is different from the product of the other supplier. Two suppliers cooperate in customer relationship management and two buyers cooperate in supplier relationship management as well, so the suppliers send the orders of two buyers by one vehicle, simultaneously. For the third model, an additional assumption which is practically applicable and reasonable is considered. For all the proposed models, the optimal solution is compared with the traditional one. We demonstrate the implementation of our proposed models using some numerical examples.

Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is one of the effective techniques for managing the inventory in supply chain. VMI models have been proven to reduce the cost of inventory compared with traditional ones under some conditions such as constant demand and production expenditure. However, the modeling of the VMI problem has never been studied under some realistic assumptions such as price dependent demand. In this paper, three problem formulations are proposed. In the first problem formulation, we study a VMI problem with one buyer and one supplier when demand is considered to be a function of price and price elasticity to demand, and production cost is also a function of demand. The proposed model is formulated and solved in a form of geometric programming. For the second and the third models, we consider VMI problem with two buyers and two suppliers assuming that each buyer centre is relatively close to the other buyer centre. Each supplier has only one product which is different from the product of the other supplier. Two suppliers cooperate in customer relationship management and two buyers cooperate in supplier relationship management as well, so the suppliers send the orders of two buyers by one vehicle, simultaneously. For the third model, an additional assumption which is practically applicable and reasonable is considered. For all the proposed models, the optimal solution is compared with the traditional one. We demonstrate the implementation of our proposed models using some numerical examples.

The Electre III is a widely accepted multi attribute decision making model, which takes into account the uncertainty and vagueness. Uncertainty concept in Electre III is introduced by indifference, preference and veto thresholds, but sometimes determining their accurate values can be very hard. In this paper we represent the values of performance matrix as interval numbers and we define the links between interval numbers and concordance matrix .Without changing the concept of concordance, in our propose concept, Electre III is usable in decision making problems with interval numbers.

In this survey, we perform a survey on different studies associated with critical success factors in project management. The study covers all related studies from 1987 to 2017 based on the arti-cles published on different value added journals. The survey shows that tremendous efforts have been dedicated on important factors, which influence on the success or failure of enterprise re-source planning. The other part of the survey is dedicated for the implementation of Six Sigma projects. Our survey shows that successful implementation of Six Sigma could contribute to the success of projects.

In this paper complexation reaction between Yb3+ and Human serum albumin is examined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The extended solvation model was used to reproduce the enthalpies of HAS+Yb3+ interactions over the whole range of Yb3+ concentrations. The binding parameters recovered from this model were attributed to the structural change of HSA. The results show that Yb3+ ions bind to HSA with three equivalent affinity sites. It was found that in the high concentrations of the ytterbium ions, the HSA structure was destabilized.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an integrated system, which consists of various integrated applications. ERP is implemented to collect, store, manage and interpret data from different business activities, including product planning, expenses, production and/or service delivery, sales management, inventory planning, shipping and payment. The study covers the latest studies mostly on detecting factors influencing on the success of ERP implementations. The study has highlighted several factors including top management support, communication, cooperation, training and technological complexity, which were believed to be the most influential factors on development of ERP systems. In addition, several multi criteria decision making systems were used for ranking different software packages for ERP implementation. Moreover, many studies have attempted to consider mathematical methods by considering uncertainty associated with data.