Cutting betel nut machines are increasingly being designed by engineers using local material. However, the performance of the cutting betel nut machine is influenced by the moisture content of the betel nut and the rotational speed of the machine. In this study, the performance of cutting a betel nut machine under moisture content of betel nut and rotational speed of the machine was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function. Central Composite Design (CCD) coupled with RSM and desirability function was employed to evaluate the impact of moisture content of betel nut (34.68–50.54%, w.b.) and rotational speed (600–1000 rpm) on machine capacity (kg/hr), efficiency (%), and losses (%) responses. The desirability function was then used to optimize moisture content and rotational speed yielding maximum machine capacity and efficiency at lower losses. Three verification experiments were run to ensure the empirical relationships were valid. Optimum requirements of process parameters have been seen at which moisture content of 50.54% (w.b.) and rotational speed of 1000 rpm was achieved in maximum machine capacity of 44.16 kg/hr at higher efficiency (92.72%) and lower losses (6.31%). The model's conclusions were very consistent with the confirmed values. The results proved that an appropriate performance of the machine can be achieved using moisture content of betel nut and rotational speed of machine cutting betel nut.

Starting from 3-cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2(1H)-thione (1), the compound N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-((3-cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2-yl)thio)acetamide (2) was prepared. Compound (2) underwent cyclization upon heating in ethanolic sodium ethoxide solution to give the corresponding cyclized form 3-amino-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,6-distyrylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (3). The elemental analyses and spectroscopic data of compounds (2) and (3) are in agreement with their proposed structures. Their insecticidal activity against cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, was studied. The results of insecticidal activity for compounds (2) and (3) against the nymphs and the adults of the tested insects exhibited that compounds (2) and (3) have a higher insecticidal activity than that of acetamiprid, a reference insecticide, after 24 h of treatment.

The novel class of multi-substituted indolylimidazole derivatives series substituted 3-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-indole and substituted 5-bromo-3-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-indole was synthesized utilising a green and efficient one-pot four components condensation of indole-3-carbaldehyde, benzil, ammonium acetate and various amines under microwave irradiation using Amberlyst A-15 as a recyclable catalyst. The catalyst Amberlyst A-15 has recovered from the reaction mixture and reused repeatedly for the next reaction. The key advantage of this process involves eco-friendly, very short reaction time, cost-effectiveness with the reusability of catalyst, easy workup, and purification of the product with excellent yields. FTIR, 1HNMR and Mass spectrometric studies analyzed and established the structures of all newly synthesized compounds.

Nowadays, the significant demand for concrete has become a problem in concrete using aggregate from waste. Using standard concrete is recommended to reduce the breakdown of buildings. Unfortunately, standard materials used to produce previous concrete are not entirely environmentally friendly. As a result, many researchers have committed their awareness to identifying eco-friendlier substitutions in manufacturing concrete substitution aggregate from waste. In this respect, this paper discussed the proposed efficient procedure to indicate the compressive strength from mixed proportioning cockle shell, glass powder, and epoxy resin as concrete under hot water curing conditions (60°C, 4 hr) using response surface methodology. The experimental design used in this research uses a response surface methodology. There are three aggregates to be investigated, namely cockle shell powder, glass powder and epoxy resin under hot water curing condition (60°C, 4 hr). Under hot water curing conditions, this research discovered that adding 4.0% cockle shell powder and 10.0 % glass powder increased the compressive strength to 104.68 MPa. On the other hand, 4.0% cockle shell powder, 10.0% glass powder and 2% epoxy resin under hot water curing conditions improved the compressive strength to 115.70 MPa. It was therefore inferred that the use of both cockle shell powder and glass powder to produce cleaner and compressive strength concrete is applicable, both mechanically and environmentally.

The increase in economic activity in the industrial sector and the rapid growth of the world population have stimulated an increase in energy demand. In 2004, Indonesia earned the status of a net importer of oil so that it becomes a challenge for the Indonesian government in developing the use of renewable energy to achieve ideal conditions for national energy security. Indonesia has the potential for large amounts of renewable energy sources, one of which is palm-based biodiesel. The mandatory biodiesel policy program was implemented in 2008 with a biodiesel content of 2.5% and gradually until 2019 with a biodiesel content of 30% (B30). The mandatory biodiesel policy is closely related to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the concept of maintaining the balance of Trilemma Energi. The current energy management and utilization policies in Indonesia continue to increase in line with modern life consumption patterns that require a more environmentally friendly energy variable for energy absorption in Indonesia, especially renewable energy. The purpose of this research is to determine the integration model of palm-based biodiesel policy as a renewable energy commodity to support energy security. This study uses several strategic frameworks by combining a quantitative approach through the perspective of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and measuring the technology coefficient using the Technology Contribution Coefficient (TCC), as well as a qualitative approach with the Business Model Canvas (BMC) and the design of the Omnibus Law. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Expert Opinion (EO) which were validated by Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) using a sample of 40 respondents from related agencies. The results showed that based on the SEM-PLS validation of 20 BSC perspective variables, two invalid variables were obtained, namely the variable efficiency port service cost and value-added creation which had a P value> 0.05. Meanwhile, Indonesia's TCC score is quite high, namely 0.787, which means that Indonesia is quite aggressive in developing biodiesel and its policies. Based on the results of the FGD expert, it was obtained that the BMC initiates the helicopters to view current biodiesel developments. And 10 regulations have been drafted into a proposed draft Omnibus Law through an action plan.

A solid fuel launch vehicle is a rocket with an engine that has been widely used in aerospace missions. Utilizing such launch vehicles depends on the simplicity of the manufacturing, maintenance, operation and development of the control systems. The purpose of optimization in solid fuel launch vehicles design is to find the best possible design for the mission with regard to the available equipment, constraints and infrastructures. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to optimally design a launch vehicle for customized missions based on successful experiences, as well as technology, manufacturing capabilities and facilities. In this context, NSGA-II Intelligent Optimization Algorithm is considered based on multi-objective optimization principles and Mass-Energetic concepts. The optimal design of the launch vehicle is performed by applying intelligent algorithms and technological opportunities and limitations. The result showed that the present optimization method can design the launch vehicle based on technological limitations.

In the present work, the polymerization of limonene oxide (LO) catalyzed by Maghnite H⁺ (Mag- H⁺) is investigated. Mag-H⁺ is Algerian montmorillonite sheet silicate clay exchanged with protons. The poly limonene oxide (PLO) is obtained by cationic ring opening polymerization in bulk and with solvent. The effect of the reaction time, the temperature and the amount of catalyst are studied and discussed in order to find the optimal reactions conditions. The polymerization in solution at 0 °C with 5% by weight of catalyst leads to the best yield 61.34% for a reaction time of 1h. The structure of the obtained products is characterized by XRD, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-RMN, ATR-FTIR, DSC and TGA.

Gamification as a new concept uses game elements in a novel way to engage users of a non-gaming system and can be used in many domains within an enterprise, to implement the organizational processes with lower costs, higher quality or in a more efficient way. Although there are many researches on gamification but a few studies can be found in the organizational gamification and there are few research works about framework and methodology for designing and implementing organizational gamification in the literature. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive methodology for the enterprise gamification. This research is an attempt to overcome the mentioned gap via presenting a methodology by applying some important issues including organizational, humanity and gamification aspects together to design and implement customized enterprise gamification solutions through reviewing the related literature and experts’ commentaries. The evaluation of the methodology showed that it is an appropriate and perfect way to design gamification solutions in an organization, besides the enterprise needs to provide the necessary conditions for its implementation. This paper forwards an important debate on a comprehensive methodology for applying enterprise gamification, which explains how to properly use gamification in enterprises to increase productivity and better communication with employees, and thus contributes to literature on internal and enterprise gamification.

Due to the new hopes for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) diseases by Teriflunomide (TFN), in this project, a cheap, robust, and fully validated method has been developed both for determination of assay content in API (active pharmaceutical ingredient), and for related impurities analysis (RIA). To operate the method, a common C18, end-capped (250 × 4.6) mm, 5µm liquid chromatography column, was applied. The mobile phase A was prepared by dissolving 2.74 g (20mM) of PDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and 3.72 g (50mM) of PC (potassium chloride) in water (1000 mL). Then, pH was adjusted to 3.0 by adding OPA (ortho-phosphoric acid) 85%; while, the mobile phase B was acetonitrile (ACN) (100%). In order to confirm the experimental data about the λmax of TFN, we have used the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations, quantum mechanics (QM), and TD-DFT calculations. According to the results, the method showed a high level of suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, robustness, and reliable detection limit.

The problems of protecting equipment, structures and operators from the harmful effects of vibrations are among the most painful topics of modern mechanical engineering. In this research an original design of a friction shock absorber is presented in which the principle of operation is based on the contact interaction of a package of open shells with weakly compressible deformable filler. The proposed design is simple and technologically advanced, suitable for operation under high dynamic loads and at the same time has a compact transverse dimension. Such shock absorbers are projected to be used in the mining and oil and gas industries. A finite element model of a friction shock absorber with two contact pairs has been constructed: the first contact pair is "filler - package of open shells"; the second contact pair is "inner shell of the package - outer shell". The contacting bodies were presented as separate arrays of finite elements and the conditions of frictional interaction on the contact surfaces were set in the form of Coulomb's law. We considered the behavior of such a structurally nonlinear system under the action of a monotonic and nonmonotonic load. In the course of the study, the main operational characteristics of the shock absorber including the strength, rigidity, hysteresis characteristics and natural frequencies were determined. The possibility of adjusting the rigidity and shock-absorbing characteristics of the proposed device is discussed.