Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has received a great deal of attention among researchers recently given the practical importance and its implication for the organizations. Building on a theoretical framework that links characteristics of leader and perception of individuals and their work settings to organizational commitment (OC) and citizenship behavior, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual leadership, job attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior among lecturers at Islamic University. A cross-sectional design was used to meet the objectives set. Data were collected through the administration of questionnaires to 170 lecturers from Islamic University in Malang. Data were collected through 5 questionnaires in which participants completed measures of spiritual leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and OCBs. Results showed that one of the seven hypotheses proposed was rejected in this study. The results of structural equation modeling indicated a direct effect between spiritual leadership and OCB, and an indirect effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between spiritual leadership and job satisfaction toward OCB. The implications of these findings, as well as directions for future research, are addressed.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the effects of Transformational Leadership, Power Distance and Followership on the Capability of Officers' Decision Making in Kostrad. The research method used is the survey method which is taken from 293 respondents and associative research explanations using the quantitative research. The study uses path analysis as the data analysis techniques. The results of the study show that (1) Transformational Leadership had a direct positive effect in Decision Making Capabilities, (2) Power Distance had a direct positive effect in Decision Making Capabilities, (3) Followership had a direct positive effect in Decision Making Capabilities, (4) Transformational leadership had a direct positive in Followership, (5) Power Distance had a direct positive effect in Followership, (6) Transformational leadership had a direct positive effect in Decision Making Capabilities had a direct positive effect in Power Distance, (7) Transformational leadership did not have any effect through the Power Distance mediation variable, (8) Transformational leadership had a positive indirect effect in Decision Making Capabilities through mediation in Followership variables. (9) Power Distance had an indirect positive effect in Decision Making Capabilities through mediation in Followership variables.

This research paper aims to find out the impact of entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial training on the performance of women entrepreneurs in Indonesia by considering the moderating role of personal characteristics. A quantitative research method has been adopted in this research. The instrument used for collecting primary data was a Likert-scale based survey questionnaire which included close-ended questions. A sample of 376 women was drawn from the population. The statistical analysis has been carried out via Smart PLS where structural equation modelling has been used. There are different techniques used to effectively interpret the data and test the hypothesis of the research paper including confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant validity, and path analysis. The current study confirms that there is a significant and positive impact of entrepreneurial education on the performance of women entrepreneurs. However, the study contradicts the findings of the prior studies when it was determined that there had been no significant impact of entrepreneurial training on the performance of women entrepreneurs in the context of the Indonesian entrepreneurial sector. The moderating effect of personal characteristics for this research was found to be insignificant.

Involving industry in the implementation of Vocational High School (VHS) policy not only provides knowledge into business needs, but also allows industries to affect strategies and programs for learning and teaching across the VHS overall. This study suggests that external learning contributes to the instructional agility, and product innovation efficacy, resulting in VHS performance. The research examines the analysis of structural equation modelling (SEM) based on empirical data gathered from 129 Vocational High Schools in Bali Province, Indonesia. The research attempts to focus specifically on how instructional agility, and product innovation efficacy mediates the influence of external learning on VHS performance in Indonesia. The study shows that external learning has no impact on VHS performance, while it indirectly improves the VHS performance through all of instructional agility, and product innovation efficacy.

This study aims to investigate the effect of both adaptive strategic planning and entrepreneurial intensity on business performance and to scrutinise the indirect effect of these constructs on performance through both market orientation and innovation, in the setting of Indonesian SMEs. The sample for this study was drawn together using purposive sampling. One hundred and eighty-six entrepreneurs participated in this study. The data was analysed using Partial Least Square. The results of this study show that in order to enhance business performance, practitioners should pay attention to their strategic planning. The more adaptive their strategic planning, the more likely to have higher business performance. Moreover, the entrepreneurial intensity that is held by the entrepreneurs will also enhance their business performance. In addition, innovation also plays an important role in enhancing business performance. Innovation is proven to be a mediating variable between adaptive strategic planning and entrepreneurial intensity related to business performance. This study closes the gaps related to the re-development of the concept of adaptive strategic planning that has not been widely explored in the area of strategic management and entrepreneurship. This study also can be categorised as a comprehensive study that integrates entrepreneurial intensity as one of the internal factors affecting business performance. The study contributes to the theory by showing that innovation is a mediator, mediating the effect of both adaptive strategic planning and entrepreneurial intensity on business performance. From the practical standpoint, this study suggests that adaptive strategic planning formulated by SMEs as well as the owners’ entrepreneurial intensity are the major elements in enhancing business performance. Thus, to have a good business performance, SMEs should focus on their strategy and create an entrepreneurial spirit.

Customer retention (CR) has become increasingly important due to high competition among hotels and countries. However, most of previous studies focus on this variable in the context of restaurants. This study aims to examine the factors that affect the CR among customers of five-star hotels in Jordan. Based on the literature, the study proposes that physical environment (PE), customer satisfaction (CS), service quality (SQ), and perceived consumption value (PCV) will affect the CR. In addition, the study proposes that hotel perceived value (HPV) will mediate the effects between the variable. The population of this study is the hotels in Amman, the capital of Jordan. Using a random sampling technique, a total of 301 responses are collected from seven brands. The findings indicated that PE, SQ, PCV, and CS were important predictors of CR. The findings also show that HPV mediated partially the effect of PE and SQ on CR while a full mediator was found between CS and CR. Decision makers are advised to improve the PE and the HPV.

This study aims to examine the influence of organizational culture on job satisfaction through knowledge sharing. The sample in this study totaled 259 lecturers, 50 groups of study programs at 27 universities. Hypothesis testing uses Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). The results show that organizational culture had a significant positive effect on knowledge sharing, knowledge sharing had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction, and organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on satisfaction directly or indirectly.

The quaternary business sector growth, as an up-to-date form of service, has long been considered harmless to the environment, and is separated from the industrial and manufacturing sectors which are considered to have a direct effect on environmental sustainability. This is because quaternary business is generally considered to have intangible and experience-based services that are considered not to have real consequences on the environment. This study seeks to examine the role of environmental staff in efforts to manage hotels in Batam Indonesia. Furthermore, the study seeks to explore the use of human resources to improve environmental performance in the hospitality business in Batam. Some key aspects of the HR study, such as compensation and leadership, were tested in this study. The method used is a quantitative approach with a sample of 150 respondents environmental management staff. Analysis of research data is based on path analysis through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that there was a significant and positive direct influence between work ability, leadership, and compensation on motivation of environmental staff. Subsequent results show an indirect effect of work skills, leadership, and compensation on performance through motivational mediation variables. The originality of this study lies on its efforts to emphasize that the hospitality business should also be considered a business that has an effect on the environment, and the exploration of this study that brings the perspective of HR in improving environmental performance in the implementation of environmentally friendly businesses. The study underscores the importance of standardized environmental management in starred hotel management. In addition, the study offers originality that various forms of appreciation and increased motivation affect not only on improving business performance, but also on environmental performance in managing hospitality services.

The implementation of regional autonomy has implications for the transfer of authority between the center and the regions in various fields. The existence of regional autonomy will result in decentralization which involves the management of regional finances, economic planning, including arranging regional development programs and other plans delegated from the center to the regions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth and the index of human development in districts and cities in North Maluku Province. The population of this study consisted of 7 districts and 2 cities. The data is secondary data for the period 2011 to 2015, sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) Jakarta, districts and cities in North Maluku Province, published. The collected data were analyzed using path analysis techniques using the SPSS program package. The results of the study indicate that the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth had a positive path coefficient with a level of probability which was not significant. This shows that hypothesis one which states that fiscal decentralization has a significant effect on the economic growth of districts and cities in North Maluku Province. These results suggest that the higher the fiscal decentralization, the higher the economic growth. The effect of fiscal decentralization on the human development index has a positive path coefficient with a significant level of probability. This implies that the higher the fiscal decentralization, the higher the human development index. The effect of economic growth on the human development index has a positive coefficient with a significant level of probability. These results indicate that the higher the economic growth, the higher the index of human development.

It may be queried why highly-qualified and skilled employees are allowed to leave their organizations. This study aims to determine the main factors affecting employee retention and how employee retention affects organizational performance in the commercial banking sector in Jordan. The employee retention drivers that are discussed in this study include economic security, psychological security, affiliation, and self-actualization factors. The researchers use a questionnaire as a research instrument to collect the primary data from employees using the simple random sampling technique. SEM-SPLS is used to analyze the collected data, to test the study model and the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that economic, psychological, affiliation, and self-actualization factors affected employee retention. The paper also discusses the study's theoretical and practical implications.