This study was to demonstrate the reasons why people with special needs could not practice activities. The researchers used some descriptive methods which was suitable for the aim of the study. The sample of the study was 42 students with special needs at Hashemite university. The researchers used a scale consist of 5 dimensions; physical, facilities, social, academic and psychology. The result shows that the academic reason was the main barrier that forbid-den students with special needs to practice physical activities followed by the social reasons, facilities and psychological reasons. The researchers recommend to hold lectures and seminars in order to spread the benefits of physical activity, to build gyms that are suitable for students with special needs, and to employ staff who can deal with different needs.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of employee satisfaction on employee performance, and the moderating role of organizational commitment in Jordanian Islamic banks. This study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire distributed among employees from four different Islamic banks in Jordan. A total of 303 responses were collected and analyzed using SPSS and partial least square. A significant relationship was found between employee satisfaction and employee performance. There was also a significant effect of the moderating role of organizational commitment on the relationship between employee satisfaction and employee performance. One potential reason to support this relationship is that individuals who are satisfied with their performance tend to be happier and need a commitment from the organization to improve their work performance. The finding from correlation analysis shows that implementing the idea of organizational commitment illustrates the role that it plays in achieving employee satisfaction while doing their desired work. On the other hand, this suggests that increased organizational commitment in Jordanian Islamic banks increases employee performance significantly, which can enable each bank's management to achieve its targets, missions, and visions. The study is useful for the banking sector, financial institutions and other organizations in any country that seek improvements in employee performance.

This study examines the relationship between Arab tourists’ culture and accommodation service quality expectations, and perceptions. Data was collected using a survey from a population sample of 305 respondents and analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. The results of this study confirmed that demographic characteristics such as age, education level, cultural values of achievement, power, tradition and conformity were the key factors in determining Arab tourists’ expectations. The study delivers vital insights for both tourism and service accommodation sectors in sustaining the incoming flow of Arab tourist to Australia. The implications of these results for industry are also discussed.

The program to reduce plastic waste is supported by all sectors of businesses, through some efforts to prevent using plastic bags in every store shopping and prompt using better alternatives. This study aims to find out whether the application of the theory of planned behavior departs from the knowledge of the influence of environmental awareness and leads to interest in the use of reusable bags. Quantitative methods used in this study includes the determination of samples with non-probability techniques, namely purposive sampling. The research instrument was an online questionnaire of 300 respondents in Bali, who had never used a repetitive shopping bag. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with the SmartPLS application. The application of the theory of planned behavior shows that testing knowledge of the environment and environmental stewardship gives a positive attitude and becomes a control behavior and interest in the use of reusable bag products. However, it is different from Subjective Norms which do not have a significant influence on the interest in using reusable bags. So, it is a concern for the government to always provide socialization, knowledge and environmental awareness about the importance of protecting the environment by using non-disposable shopping bags, and also business owners or marketing management to provide more reusable bags.

This paper aimed to investigate the relationship between employee spirituality, organizational commitment, and work engagement in Banking-sector. 243 respondents were collected in this research which represents 81 percent response rate. Validity used Confirmatory Factor Analysis used KMO and Bartlett’s tests, and the reliability test conducted in this study was Cronbach-Alpha (Minimum Score is 0.7). Moreover, assumption of classic test result for normality test used were Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Heteroscedasticity used Park test. Findings. The research findings indicate that Workplace spirituality influenced on Organizational Commitment and Organizational Commitment influenced on Work Engagement. Also, the total score of Organizational Commitment mediated between Workplace Spirituality and Work Engagement. The findings in this research show the relationship model between work engagement, commitment, and work spirituality occurred both directly and indirectly where such relationship between workplace spirituality and work engagement was never measured in previous studies.

This study extends the existing research on the relationship between individual factors and salesperson performance by developing a moderated mediation model. The research model posits work engagement as a mediating variable between individual factors (CSE and proactive personality) and job performance. This mediation process is moderated by perceived organization support. A self-administrated questionnaire is distributed to 215 salespersons from micro-finance institutions, located in Central Java, Indonesia. The results demonstrate that both CSE and proactive personality associated with work engagement. In addition, work engagement was significantly related to job performance. This study also reveals that CSE had a direct effect on job performance. Conversely, a proactive personality, is not related to job performance. In the case of the mediation effect test, work engagement has a significant partial mediation effect on the link between SCE and job performance. On the other hand, the relationship between proactive personality and job performance has fully mediated by work engagement. The moderating effect of perceived organizational support has strengthened the link between work engagement and job performance. In sum, the theoretical and managerial practice consequences are also discussed based on the result study.

The study explores more initial research to have a confident finding of factors that influence customer decision toward sharia bank. Understanding characteristics of metropolitan customer, and in the sense of fast growing of industrial 4.0 interact with democracy in Jakarta economic and political context. Thus, it is quite critical to ask a question again whether or not its exploratory factors meet confirmatory factors to influence decision of Islamic bank customer and which factors influence more. The survey uses questionnaire based to get useful insight. The result of exploratory factor analysis extracted the issues into 6 factors, namely office location characteristics, digitization feature of the product, sharia insight, bank marketing activities, servicescape quality and brand image. But based on these six factors, confirmation has found that the best fit of the model specification that influences metropolitan customer's decision is by excluding the sharia insight factor. Islamic bank should refined the marketing way to leverage the strength they have, that no other banks could do.

The purpose of this research is to find a research gap solution between relational capital and marketing performance. This research uses small and medium enterprises (SMEs) networking as a mediating variable, and adds technology capability and new product development as an expansion of research. The research method uses Structural Equation Modeling to test hypotheses and uses WarpPLS 4.0 in data analysis. Simple random sampling is conducted to 170 respondents as owners or managers of SMEs in Indonesia. The findings of this study indicate that the SME networking is an appropriate mediating variable between relational capital and marketing performance since there is a significant effect of relational capital on SMEs networking directly and also a significant effect of SME networking to marketing performance, directly. However, there is no significant effects of technology capability to SMEs networking and also no significant influence from technology capability to new product development. Likewise, there is no significant influence of new product development to marketing performance. This research is very important for SMEs in Indonesia as a solution for facing problems in the future.

The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of empowering leadership on organizations outcomes with the mediating role of work engagement, personal group fit and personal job fit. In addition, the study chooses the employee proactive personality as a moderator between empowering leadership and organization outcomes. The study selects a sample of 280 employee of Business park co, a company located in Jordan. To collect the necessary data, a questionnaire was published. Furthermore, this study found an important relationship between employment leadership and organization outcomes. Also, empowering leadership is emphatically affecting the empowering leadership through work engagement with aberrant impact of person job fit and person-group fit. Just as the control examination inspected, the proactive personality expanded empowering leadership direct impact on person-job fit and person-group fit and circuitous impact on work engagement.

Small-medium enterprises (SMEs) have a significant and competitive role to play in the Indonesian economy. Numerous evidences support the fact that the nature of small and medium enterprises is quite prominent in the Indonesian economy. But most SMEs are not able to go up the class due to various weaknesses. One of the weaknesses of SMEs is marketing ability/performance. The purpose of this research to fill in the factor of the research gap between the ability of product innovation to enhance marketing performance. This research proposed Geo-cultural product attractiveness concept and Acculturative Aesthetic Attractiveness concept to connect the gap between product innovation capabilities to improve marketing performance. Samples are obtained from 230 of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Province of South Sulawesi in Indonesia using Purposive Sampling to test our model. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result confirmed the model with variables: Innovation, Geo-cultural product attractiveness, Acculturative Aesthetic Attractiveness, and Marketing performance and indicated that Geo-cultural product attractiveness and Acculturative Aesthetic Attractiveness hold strategic roles in enhancing marketing performance.