This study employed quantitative methods to evaluate the influence of adaptive learning technology on the cognitive flexibility of students with special needs. Participants were recruited from special education schools using a purposive selection strategy. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was utilized as a tool to assess cognitive flexibility. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-test, correlation analysis, and regression analyses. The findings demonstrated a notable enhancement in WCST scores after the intervention, suggesting that adaptive learning technologies have a beneficial effect on cognitive flexibility. Regression studies revealed that various types of adaptive learning technologies had varied levels of efficacy, with Tech A showing the most significant beneficial impact. Surprisingly, demographic factors such as age, gender, and educational attainment demonstrated little and statistically insignificant associations with alterations in cognitive flexibility levels. The findings emphasize the potential of adaptive learning technologies as effective therapies for improving cognitive flexibility in kids with special needs. It underscores the significance of evaluating specific characteristics and design principles to maximize their efficacy.

The study investigates the impact of product quality and social media marketing on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction in the context of Japanese restaurants in Jakarta. Utilizing primary data from 203 respondents who frequented these restaurants, collected via questionnaires employing purposive sampling, the research employs partial least squares (PLS) analysis through SmartPLS 3.3.3 software. Results indicate direct positive relationships among variables. However, no direct positive relationship was found between product quality or social media marketing and brand loyalty. Instead, both product quality and social media marketing indirectly influence brand loyalty through customer satisfaction. The study highlights direct positive associations between product quality and customer satisfaction, social media marketing and customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Nevertheless, no direct positive link was found between product quality or social media marketing and brand loyalty. The indirect effects reveal that product quality affects brand loyalty through customer satisfaction and social media marketing influences brand loyalty through customer satisfaction as well. These findings underscore the significance of customer satisfaction as a mediator in the relationship between product quality, social media marketing, and brand loyalty in the hospitality industry.

This research aimed to analyze the relationship between electronic human resources (e-HRM) and sustainable competitive advantage, organizational agility and sustainable competitive advantage, and sustainable innovation and sustainable competitive advantage in the manufacturing industry in Indonesia using a quantitative approach. The population of this research was managers of manufacturing companies in Indonesia. A total of 800 online questionnaires were sent using a simple random sampling method and 540 valid questionnaires were received. The questionnaire contains statement items using a Likert scale from 1 to 7. To measure the structural model and to test research hypotheses, the research used the PLS-SEM method with WarPLS 7.0 software. The stages of data analysis in this research were reliability and validity tests, significance tests and hypothesis testing. This research concludes that e-HRM had a positive and significant relationship with sustainable competitive advantage, Organizational Agility had a positive and significant relationship with sustainable competitive advantage and sustainable innovation has a positive and significant relationship with sustainable competitive advantage. The research emphasizes that e-HRM practices encourage sustainable innovation and organizational agility to achieve competitive advantage. The study also provides a more comprehensive understanding that e-HRM practices contribute to sustainable competitive advantage by driving continuous innovation and strengthening organizational agility. The research emphasizes the importance of utilizing digital technology for human resource management (HRM) processes, organizations must implement digital transformation by adopting e-HRM practices to increase manufacturing efficiency and effectiveness thereby increasing performance and competitiveness. This research encourages companies to increase continuous innovation to increase sustainable competitiveness.

This study investigates the effect of marketing via Instagram on Generation Z’s preference for gyms in Jordan, so it would be helpful for marketers of gyms to be aware of using Instagram to attract Generation Z as their potential customers. Moreover, a sample questionnaire was carried out with 138 respondents, which were mostly female respondents (74%) and male respondents (26%). Additionally, 51% of the total number of respondents were 21-24 years old. Therefore, the data was analyzed by applying various statistical techniques such as Cronbach’s alpha for testing the reliability of the data, and multiple regression using SPSS version 22 for examining the hypotheses. Likewise, the results showed that Instagram and these variables (entertainment, interaction, trendiness, and customization) have an effect on customers' brand choice, but trendiness did not have a significant effect on the consumer's brand choice, but after testing the effect of the brand image, it became clear that it has significant effect, and therefore it was concluded that brand image has an important effect on customer’s brand choice.

Arabic handwritten script recognition presents an energetic area of study. These types of recognitions face several obstacles, such as vast open databases, boundless diversity in individuals' penmanship, and freestyle writing. Thus, Arabic handwriting requires effective techniques to achieve better recognition results. On the other hand, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is one of the most common Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) which deals with various problems efficiently. Therefore, this study introduces a new technique called Block Density and Location Feature (BDLF) with MLP, namely BDLF-MLP, which aims to extract novel features from letter images and estimate the letter's pixel density and its location for each equal-sized block in the image. In other words, BDLF-MLP can deal with various styles of Arabic handwritten, such as overlapping letters. The BDLF-MLP starts with the Block Feature Extraction (BFE) of the image by dividing the image into sixteen parts. After that, it calculates the density and location of each block (i.e., BDLF) by finding the sum of all values inside blocks. Finally, it determines the position of the greatest pixel density to obtain better recognition accuracy. The dataset containing 720 images is used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed technique. Also, 1440 letters are used for training and testing divided evenly between them. The experiment results illustrate that BDLF-MLP outperformed the other algorithms in the literature with an accuracy of 97.26 %.

The goal of this study is to find and analyze the factors that affect teachers' digital competence, consisting of teacher personal characteristics (gender, age, experience, vocational teachers, and attitudes towards technology) and school context (school status, school accreditation, school leadership support, and curriculum support). The research method uses a quantitative approach with a causal design. The study included a total of 444 teachers from vocational high schools (SMK) located in western Indonesia. The characteristics of teachers that influence digital competence are attitudes towards technology and vocational teachers, and this means that teachers who teach vocational subjects have better digital competence than teachers who teach general basic subjects and local content. Curriculum support has a significant impact on vocational school instructors' digital competency. Improved curricular support enhances teachers' digital competence through effective lesson design, execution of teaching and learning activities, and utilization of digital-based practical resources. Meanwhile, age, gender, and school status are not determinants of teacher digital competence. The findings of this investigation recommend that the government, especially the Ministry of Education and the director general of vocational education, include teacher digital competence in evaluating teacher performance and become a consideration for school principals and related offices to improve technology facilities and improve the digital literacy of vocational teachers. This study distinguishes itself from previous research by investigating the determinants that impact teachers’ digital proficiency in vocational education. It specifically considers the influence of school status and vocational school accreditation, taking into account the unique combination of school-based and work-based education with diverse teaching approaches.

This research aims to analyze the relationship between information system quality and user satisfaction, the relationship between perceived usefulness and user satisfaction and the relationship between user satisfaction and sustainable e-learning. The research method used in this research is associative research. The population in this study were all students who had undergone lectures using e-learning. In this study, the analytical model was used, namely Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the number of respondents was 456 high school students in Indonesia, who have undergone lectures using e-learning. The sampling technique used in this research is nonprobability sampling. The data collection method used was the questionnaire method and the instrument used to measure this research variable was a 5-point Likert scale. Data processing in this research uses SmartPLS software. The data analysis stage in this research is the outer model test including convergent validity, discriminant validity and composite reliability and inner model analysis, namely hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate the quality of the information system has a positive effect on user satisfaction, Perceived Usefulness has a positive effect on user satisfaction and user satisfaction has a positive effect on sustainable e-learning. The implication is that every element at every level in formal educational institutions must pay serious attention to personal factors, including attention to student achievement expectations, relative excellence expected by students, student suitability with the e-learning system chosen in an institution's formal education, and the attitude of students who are willing to accept and continuously use e-learning. In this way, students will be consistent in using e-learning so that student achievement, which is the main goal of every school, can be achieved. The limitation of this research is that it does not provide prior understanding to respondents regarding the scope of the meaning of sustainable e-learning.

This study investigates the relationship between business intelligence adoption (Business Intelligence (BI), Data Analysis and Reporting (DAR), Business Process Integration (BPI), and Continuous Improvement and Innovation (CII)) and marketing effectiveness in the Jordanian telecom industry. It specifically examines the mediating role of customer satisfaction in this relationship. A survey design method using the cross-sectional survey was utilized during the research process, involving quantification. The data was collected from 285 employees across the Jordanian telecom sector via electronic response forms. As the analysis's method, the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized. The results, which showed BI, DAR and CII to have a positive direct effect on marketing effectiveness, whilst BPI displayed a negative direct impact, were compelling. But clear signs of positive influence on CS by the four dimensions of BI (BI, DAR, BPI, and CII) have also been observed, and this result has been proved to be a mediator between them and business effectiveness. The above study is a source of invaluable learning for the managers of telecom companies in Jordan is a tool that managers in the Jordanian telecom industry will greatly benefit from in the sense that it brings out all the importance of integrating BI, DAR, BPI, and CII practices that emphasize high quality customer service. By properly utilizing these assets and up-to-the-market, companies can improve the effectiveness of marketing and the whole organizational efficiency. The study enhances the existing theory of the interrelationships between the adoption of business intelligence, customer satisfaction, and marketing power which can be viewed from both resource-based view (RBV) theory and expectation-based theory (EDT). It affirms an idea that the RBV was rooted in that when organizational assets are valuable, firms have a competitive advantage and better performance. Also, an EDT states that customer satisfaction increases if the expectations of customers are met. Innovation - The essay is innovative and takes an original angle to explore the multifaceted interconnectivity among business intelligence adoption, customer satisfaction, and marketing effectiveness in the framework of the Jordanian telecom industry. It highlights the steps to customer satisfaction problem solutions and the caution comes with process integration efforts, hence, helping to arrive at a full comprehension of the aspirations for organizational performance in the field.

This research aims to analyze the relationship between digital transformation and school performance and the relationship between digital innovation and school performance. The research method is quantitative through surveys, research data was obtained by distributing online questionnaires to 489 high school teachers throughout Indonesia who were selected using a simple random method. Data analysis used covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0 software to analyze research data. The independent variables are digital transformation and digital innovation, and the dependent variable is school performance. The stages of data analysis are validity testing, reliability testing, model fit testing and significance testing of hypothesis testing. The results of this research are that digital transformation has a positive and significant relationship with performance. Moreover, digital innovation has a positive and significant relationship to performance. The findings of this research support and prove the results of previous research that digital transformation has a positive effect on organizational performance and innovation and confirms the direct influence of innovation on organizational performance. The contribution of this research is aimed at various literature related to the role of digital transformation and innovation on organizational performance. Meanwhile, for practical implications, digital transformation and innovation can improve organizational performance, especially in schools.

In the digital era that continues to develop, information technology has brought significant changes to various aspects of human life. One of the clearest impacts is in the field of education. In this era, learning is no longer limited to physical classrooms and textbooks, instead, electronic learning or e-learning has become a popular alternative for accessing knowledge and learning online. This research aims to analyze the relationship between e-learning variables and school performance, the relationship between digital transformation variables and school performance and the relationship between digital innovation and school performance. The study uses a quantitative method approach and data analysis using the Partial Least Square -Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. Research data was obtained by distributing an online questionnaire form via social media platforms. The questionnaire was designed to contain statement items on a Likert scale from 1 to 7. The respondents for this research were 467 school principals in Indonesia who were determined using the sample determination method, namely simple random sampling. The stages of research data analysis are validity testing, reliability testing and hypothesis testing or significance testing. The independent variables in this research are e-learning, digital transformation and digital innovation, the dependent variable in this research is school performance. The results indicate that e-learning, digital transformation, and innovation had positive and significant effects on school performance.