This paper presents an empirical study to find the steady state of Hirmand/Helmand international basin. Using Markov chain method and by considering seven states including very dry, dry, semi-dry, average, semi-wet, wet and very wet, the proposed study uses historical data over the period 1952-1997 and determines the steady state of the region. The results of the survey indicate that the likelihood of having very dry, dry, semi-dry, average, semi-wet, wet and very wet states are 10.4, 27.6, 9.5, 17.5, 18.5, 11.1 and 5.4 percent, respectively. In other words, there is a chance of 47.5% for having dry or very dry state, 35% for having semi and very wet and a likelihood of 17.5% for having normal condition.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to examine the relationship between the intellectual capital and staff performance of the Islamic Azad University of Qods city in Iran.
The statistical universe in this research includes 8000 staff, students and faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Qods city. The proposed study takes a sample of 340 students and faculty members to evaluate staff performance. The proposed study designs a questionnaire in two parts including intellectual capital and performance measurement and Cronbach alphas for these two parts are 0.889 and 0.906, respectively. The proposed study uses Pearson correlation test to examine the hypotheses. Based on the results of our survey, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between intellectual capital and performance of the employees.

Organizational commitment is an important issue and organization attitude has become an area of study among many researchers in the fields of organizational behavior. In fact, there are many studies on human resource management where the effects of organizational commitment on other issues have been investigated and the purpose of this research is to find critical factors influencing on organizational commitment. Based on an exploration of the literature review and interviews, the proposed study of this paper extracts 24 variables and using factor analysis, we select the most important factors, which are grouped in four categories. The implementation of our factor analysis has revealed Affective commitment, Continuous commitment, Moral commitment and Enduring commitment are the most important factors influencing organizational commitment.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between operational risk and accounting conservatism. The criterion used for operational risk in this study is asset volatility and for accounting conservatism, we use Ball and Shivakumar (2005) model [Ball, R., & Shivakumar, L. (2005). Earnings quality in UK private firms: comparative loss recognition timeliness. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(1), 83-128.], which analyzes accounting from balance sheet sight. The statistical society used in this study is taken from 15 banks in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2006-2012. The research result demonstrates that there was a negative relationship between operational risk and accounting conservatism. In other words, there is a significant negative relationship between operational risk and accounting conservatism. Hence, the results suggest that with an increase (decrease) in operational risk, accounting conservatism decreases (increases).

Pension funds play essential role on retirements of people who work for governmental and private organizations and it is always important to reduce any existing risks associated with pension funds. This paper presents an empirical investigation to learn on how to reduce financial reliance of a particular pension fund associated with municipality of Tehran. The proposed study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale, distributes it among some experts and using Spearman correlation technique analyzes the results. The results have revealed that changing and reforming the investment methods could influence the financial independence. In addition, the effect of government major policies, the expertise of managers and other economic levers should not be ignored.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effects of counseling programs on reducing the runaway youth in Iran. The study selects a sample of 30 students and divides them into two groups of control and experiment. The first group is kept under eight sessions of social skills training and a questionnaire consists of various questions including confidence items is distributed among both groups after the training ends. The implementation of Kolmogorov-Smirnov has revealed that both pre and post-test data are normally distributed. In addition, the result of ANOVA test has revealed that training program could significantly improve runaway youth’s confidence.

Today’s research on emotion regulation reveals its importance on many mental and physical heath related issues. One of the problems to dysregulation of emotions is anxiety disorders subject. The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between emotional management problems including emotional inhibition, emotional dysregulation and emotional coping on children’s anxiety symptoms, where it includes separation anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, school phobia and generalized anxiety symptoms. The sample was consisted of 307 primary students including boys and girls aged between 9-13 years old in city of Isfahan selected by simple random sampling. The instruments were Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), child Sadness Management Scale (CSMS) and child Anger Management Scale (CAMS). The results showed that problems of children in management of anger and sadness consist of anger and sadness inhibition; anger and sadness dysregulation predicts anxiety symptoms in children (p & LT; 0.0001). However, emotional coping could not predict children & apos; s anxiety symptoms, significantly. In addition, dysregulation and inhibition of sadness and anger predicts anxiety in children.

A simple, efficient and green one-pot, four-component synthesis of highly substituted polyhydronaphthalenes in aqueous media is described. The method has such advantages as short reaction times, high yields, mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity and environmentally benign.

The productivity of labor and wages are two important variables in the market. Identification of the relationship between the labor and the wages can help policymakers and employers make important decisions about workers' wages. This research uses the statistical data from 1974 to 2014 in Iran to explore the effect of the total labor productivity as well as the productivity of skilled and unskilled labor on the wage level. The results of the research in the long-run indicate that, for the case of skilled and unskilled labor productivity, skilled labor productivity maintained a negative effect on the wage level and the unskilled labor productivity had a positive effect on the wage level. In addition, the total labor productivity had a positive impact on the wage level; the results also indicate that the level of education had a positive impact on the wage level and the impact of government size on the level of wage was negative and statistically insignificant.

Selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones was achieved efficiently using K2S2O8/activated charcoal system. All reactions were carried out at solvent?free conditions (40?45 ?C) within 15?60 min to give the products in high to excellent yields.