In this study, a 3D finite element model of an intact mandible was used for the simulation of the movement of the lower jaw and analysis of the effects of TemporoMandibular Joint (TMJ) prosthesis replacement on the jaw movement. Seven bundles of muscle fibers were inserted in their appropriate positions following anatomical data. Digastric, geniohyoid and lateral pterygoid muscles were considered for opening the mouth while medial pterygoid, superficial masseter, deep masseter and temporalis muscles were used for closing the mouth. Then, the TMJ was replaced by two different types of TMJ prostheses in the same way as in a surgery operation. One of the prostheses was designed based on anatomical shape of the ramus and condyle of the mandible while the other one was taken similar to the commercial TMJ prostheses. Eventually, all three models underwent an opening jaw simulation and produced an identical range of motion while were mismatched in other parameters. The results show that since the anatomical TMJ prosthesis resembles the shape and structure of an intact mandible; therefore, it is more capable of simulating the motion of mandible compared to the commercial TMJ prosthesis. Furthermore, better contact between the anatomical TMJ prosthesis and the mandible leads to lower stress distribution in comparison with the commercial TMJ implant. Finally, as the amount of muscle forces and strain in anatomical TMJ prosthesis replacement are less than the commercial one, the patient needs to make less effort to move the mandible and open the mouth.

Tourism infrastructure development in different regions of the world does not follow a symmetrically equal pattern. Because of the importance of infrastructure in the tourism development, the present research is an attempt to examine the hard elements of tourism infrastructure in different provinces of Iran, using the indicators proposed by Pearce and Wu (2015) [Pearce, P. L. & Wu, M. Y. (2015). Soft infrastructure at tourism sites: identifying key issues for Asian tourism from case studies. Tourism Recreation Research, 40 (1), 120-132.]. To accomplish this, the data registered in the statistical yearbook of the Statistical Center of Iran were investigated. The method of research was analytical survey. To analyze and rank the data collected from the yearbook, VIKOR and TOPSIS methods were employed. The results of the analysis show that Tehran Province was under the best conditions of the Iranian tourism infrastructure, whereas Ilam Province was under the worst condition. The results about the condition of hard tourism infrastructure in the provinces of Iran, next to their tourism potentials, can provide necessary data for the future planning of the industry.

In this paper, a mathematical model for multi-product inventory management in a three-tier supply chain consisting of multi-supplier, a manufacturer, and several retailers is presented. The model determines different factors such as the optimum ordering of the raw materials and the optimal level of the production items with the optimal order of the products by retailers at each level of the chain, with the objective of minimizing inventory management costs in the supply chain. An algorithm is presented to determine the solution of the problem and the implementation of the proposed method is demonstrated using some numerical example.

Job selection and scheduling are among the most important decisions for production planning in today’s manufacturing systems. However, the studies that take into account both problems together are scarce. Given that such problems are strongly NP-hard, this paper presents an approach based on two heuristic algorithms for simultaneous job selection and scheduling. The objective is to select a subset of jobs and schedule them in such a way that the total net profit is maximized. The cost components considered include jobs & apos; processing costs and weighted earliness/tardiness penalties. Two heuristic algorithms; namely scatter search (SS) and simulated annealing (SA), were employed to solve the problem for single machine environments. The algorithms were applied to several examples of different sizes with sequence-dependent setup times. Computational results were compared in terms of quality of solutions and convergence speed. Both algorithms were found to be efficient in solving the problem. While SS could provide solutions with slightly higher quality for large size problems, SA could achieve solutions in a more reasonable computational time.

By advances in information technology and considering the fast pace of innovation in targeted technologies, blended learning with the aim of satisfying the needs of blended learning is composed of online learning and face-to-face learning. The aim of the present paper is to study the impact of blended learning on the relevant factors through a mixed method. The study is considered fundamental in terms of research methodology. The present paper is carried out on students of West Tehran Payame Noor University, Iran through a questionnaire. According to the results, it is concluded from the perspective of students that although blended learning is formed of several factors such as face-to-face learning and virtual learning, this type of learning has significant impact on its constituent elements as well as on relevant factors related to this type of learning. Finally, the effectiveness of blended learning, virtual and face-to-face learning in accordance on their factors were determined and assessed which ultimately led to conclusions and recommendations to advance research objectives.

The purpose of this paper is to measure the effects of intellectual capital components; namely, human capital, structural capital and relational capital on company performance in Iranian auto industry. The study uses a questionnaire consists of 100 questions to cover intellectual capital and company performance in Likert scale and it is distributed among 180 experts in one of Iranian auto industry. Cronbach alphas for intellectual capital components, i.e. human capital, relational capital and structural capital are 0.82, 0.80 and 0.80, respectively. In addition, Cronbach alpha for company performance is 0.82. Using structural equation modeling, the study has determined a positive and meaningful relationship between intellectual capital and company performance. The study has also determined a positive and meaningful relationship between human capital and structural capital. Among components of performance, efficiency maintained the highest effect while innovation represents the minimum effect.

Nowadays, project-based organizations need to utilize intellectual capital and knowledge to become leader in their business activities. The new approach to use knowledge based skills from one side and development of the new complicated products from the other side have increased the need for designing a lessons learned model. The purpose of this paper is to design a lessons learned model to improve the success of new product development for project oriented organizations. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale and distributes it among 56 experts who were well informed about various techniques of new product development and lessons learned. Cronbach alphas for all components of the survey were well above the desirable level. The results of the survey have indicated that there were positive and meaningful relationships between lessons learned components and the success of the new product development.

The objective of this research is to investigate the balance between employees’ organizational behavior and the method of managers’ decision making in creating a good organizational climate in Gas Company of Zanjan province, Iran. The statistical population of this research includes 180 professions, staffs, and managers of the company and the study selects 120 people according to random sampling and by the use of Cochran formula. The descriptive-survey research method is cross sectional type. The questionnaire made by researcher was used for data gathering and its reliability and validity was approved. SPSS software was used for data analysis, correlation test was used for the effectiveness, and the effectiveness was specified. Also, LISREL software has been used for performing structural equations of model. The results of the research state that the variables of the balance between organizational behavior of staffs such as the balance of management commitment, balance of leadership, balance of communications, balance of learning, and balance of motivation were effective on its effectiveness in creating good organizational climate in the Gas Company of Zanjan province by managers’ decision making methods.

Vast changes and increase in global events have caused a crisis among public and private organizations. If organizations cannot manage the created crisis, they might be damaged widely. Lack of readiness and inappropriate management of crisis might even lead to the destruction of the organizations. Therefore, crisis management prepares the conditions to reduce the destructive effects caused by crisis. Having crisis management in organization requires expansion of various indicators that implementing and operating each of these indicators increase the organization capability to confront with crisis. In the present study, identifying and ranking indicators of crisis management have been considered. The primary results indicate that 12 indexes have been identified for crisis management. In addition, the results, according to experts’ ideas, led to elimination of two indicators and 10 indexes were finalized. Then, using VIKOR method, the final indicators were ranked. The results of ranking indicated that three indexes of appropriate management style, management of human resource and responding speed, as well as crisis confrontation regarding cost, time were at the best to be implemented in the organization.

Nowadays, Quality function deployment (QFD) is one of the total quality management tools, where customers’ views and requirements are perceived and using various techniques improves the production requirements and operations. The QFD department, after identification and analysis of the competitors, takes customers’ feedbacks to meet the customers’ demands for the products compared with the competitors. In this study, a comprehensive model for assessing the importance of the customer requirements in the products or services for an organization is proposed. The proposed study uses linguistic variables, as a more comprehensive approach, to increase the precision of the expression evaluations. The importance of these requirements specifies the strengths and weaknesses of the organization in meeting the requirements relative to competitors. The results of these experiments show that the proposed method performs better than the other methods.