Undoubtedly, human capital is the main source of knowledge generation, which leads to a competitive advantage and sustainability of organizations. When managers pay more attention to such capital, they will be able to lead their organization, more effectively. In such route, the managers should look for their employees’ opinions on policies/plans of the organization and learn how to run the organization and organizational challenges. They should use their employees’ knowledge to improve the quality of decisions, they should encourage them to share their ideas and protect them from organizational silence. Thus, human capitals will be obviously considered as strategic capitals of an organization. Concerning the importance of organizational sound, the status of organizational silence is studied in 13 selected organizations in Qom Province – as one the biggest Iranian provinces. The findings indicate that organizational silence in Qom selected organizations is not in an ideal status and the current level should be mitigated. Likewise, findings show that there is no significant difference between organizational silence in Qom selected organizations in terms of demographic variables.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to find important criteria for performance measurement based on two methods of balanced score card (BSC) as well as European Foundation of Quality Management (EFQM) methods. In order to determine the mission, vision, strategy and values we first review different documents including International Federation of football documentations, AFC and Football Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Charter Club. Next, we determine the necessary criteria for performance measurement using interview with decision makers, design a questionnaire and distribute it among 57 players and coaching staff as well as experts, veterans and supporters club. Next, we study the results using t-student test and analyze them. The results are categorized in terms of four criteria of BSC method including internal processes, learning and growth, costumer and financial. In addition, key performance results based on the Excellence Model are classified according to nine areas of leadership, strategy, human resources, partnerships and resources, processes, customer results, human resource results and society.

Product positioning plays an important role on business development especially in food industry. In this paper, we perform an exploration study to find important factors influencing product positioning in Iranian food industry. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale and distributes it among 260 randomly selected people from food industry. Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.86 in preliminary stage and final 0.697 in final stage, which are statistically acceptable. The study uses factor analysis to find important factors and detects six important factors including marketing organization, market analysis, past perception strategy, product presentation, brand loyalty and dynamic organizational structure.

Management information system (MIS) plays an important role on sharing necessary information within organization. In this paper, we study to find out important factors influencing the implementation of MIS in banking industry. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale and distributes it among 253 randomly selected people. Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.82, which is within an acceptable limit. The study uses factor analysis to find important factors and detects six important factors including fear of technology, organizational instability, informal groups, cultural factors, organizational development and understanding that change is always good.

During the past few years, organizational commitment has been a major concern in different
types of business activities including banking industry. In this paper, we present an empirical
investigation to study the relationship between social entrepreneurship and organizational
commitment. The proposed study of this paper adapts a standard questionnaire developed by
Meyer and Allen [Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of
organizational commitment. Human resource management review, 1(1), 61-89]. Cronbach
alpha has been calculated for affective commitment, employee engagement and normative
commitment as 0.77, 0.79 and 0.61, respectively. The results of survey indicate that affective
commitment, employee engagement and normative commitment have positively influenced
organizational commitment, significantly. In addition, Freedman test has indicated that
normative commitment is number one priority with mean rank of 2.85 followed by affective
commitment with mean rank of 2.47 and employee engagement with the mean rank of 2.26.

During the past few years, there has been a growing trend on luxury good consumption among Iranian consumers. Many rich people change their mobile devices, purchase new expensive cars, etc. This paper investigates the effects of three factors including consumer perceived value, sensitivity to social norms and need for uniqueness on consumer’s intention to purchase luxury products based on the theory of planned behavior. The proposed study uses clustering technique and randomly chooses a sample of 250 rich people and distributes a questionnaire among them. The study uses structural equation modeling and the implementation of the proposed model has been executed using LISREL software package. The results indicate the all three factors, consumer perceived value, sensitivity to social norms and need for uniqueness, influence consumer intention to buy luxury goods. In addition, consumer knowledge is a mediator factor between need for uniqueness and purchase intention.

Like other innovative strategies, companies have paid more attention to market oriented strategies in recent years. This has been focused by organizations for improved effectiveness and the organization performance accelerated a lot in business competition. In responding to this fact, organizations are trying to formulate many of the issues familiar to large organizations, which have involved with market oriented strategy planning. This paper reviews key elements in market-oriented strategy planning with regard to competitiveness and performance in large organizations and outlines a comprehensive model for strategy planning in profit organizations. These elements include environment, top management, organization structure and market oriented strategy. Professional question of this study has a particularly important role in formulating relations of this model. These elements are well positioned to evaluate the impact of market-oriented strategy planning on organizations and their expected impacts on organization performance. A well-organized questionnaire to help organizations with their planning is proposed in this survey. Based on the proposed questionnaire, data obtained from Tehran food industry experts and analyzed by using SEM method. Results accepted eight hypotheses and rejected one.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to measure the performance of holding company compared with the performance of market using Sharp ratio over the period of 2008-2011. SHASTA is one of the biggest holding firms in Iran, owned by social security organization, and has some subsidiary firms. The study measures the risk of holding firm and market performance firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange using the Sharp ratio. To compare the performance of holding versus subsidiary firms as well as the market, the study first performs normality test on the data. Statistical data for the performance of holding company is not normally distributed but all subsidiary data are normally distributed. Therefore, the study uses non-parametric test to measure the performance for holding company and parametric test is employed to measure the performance of other firms. The result of our investigation indicates that there was no difference between the performance of holding firm and market performance.