Thiazolopyrimidnes are considered one of the most interesting classes in heterocyclic chemistry due to their pharmaceutical importance. Herein, we report the synthesis of some new heterocyclic compounds containing thiazolopyrimidine starting from compound (1) which was previously prepared in literature. The starting compound was allowed to react with different alkylating agents such as chloroacetone, chloroacetyl chloride, and phenacyl bromide to afford derivatives (2-4). Compound (5), benzylidene derivative, was obtained by the reaction of compound (2) with benzaldehyde while amino-dicarbonitrile compound (6) can be obtained by the reaction of compound (5) and malononitrile. Acetylation of amino group in compound (6) with chloroacetyl chloride led to formation of compound (7). Nucleophilic substitution of chlorine in compound (7) by aniline gave compound (8) which further subjected the Munich reaction to form compound (9). All new synthesized compounds were characterized using different elemental and spectral analysis.

Different metal catalysts have been tested for the one-pot transformation of carbonyl compounds, amines and phosphites to α-aminophosphonates. The influence of catalyst type, amount, solvent and the substrate electronic factor have been investigated. The results revealed that the carbonyl compounds could be smoothly converted into α-aminophosphonates at room temperature in good to excellent yields, with or without solvent in a reasonable reaction time. These results suggested that among others, lithium perchlorate and metal triflates were proven to be effective catalysts in 10 moles % catalysts. Polar aprotic solvents proved to be the best for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates. The synthesized compounds' structure characterizations were elucidated by different spectroscopic tools and showed results consistent with the expected structures.

Starting from 3-cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2(1H)-thione (1), the compound N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-((3-cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2-yl)thio)acetamide (2) was prepared. Compound (2) underwent cyclization upon heating in ethanolic sodium ethoxide solution to give the corresponding cyclized form 3-amino-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,6-distyrylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (3). The elemental analyses and spectroscopic data of compounds (2) and (3) are in agreement with their proposed structures. Their insecticidal activity against cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, was studied. The results of insecticidal activity for compounds (2) and (3) against the nymphs and the adults of the tested insects exhibited that compounds (2) and (3) have a higher insecticidal activity than that of acetamiprid, a reference insecticide, after 24 h of treatment.

The healthcare system is a vital element for any community, as it extremely affects the socio-economic development of any country. The current study aims to assess the performance of the healthcare systems of the countries above fifty million citizens in facing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic since late December 2019. For this purpose, seven scenarios were adopted via the DEA methodology with six variables, which are the number of medical practitioners (doctors and nurses), hospital beds, Conducted Covid-19 tests, affected cases, recovered cases, and death cases. To shed light on the relative efficiency of drivers, the Tobit analysis was used. Besides, the study carried out various statistical tests for the DEA models' findings to validate the choice of the variables and the obtained scores. The DEA results reveal that less than half of the considered countries are relatively efficient. Moreover, the Tobit regression analysis showed that the main impact on the efficiency scores was due to the number of affected and recovered cases. Finally, the results of the tests of Spearman, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H indicate the internal validity and robustness of the chosen DEA models. The current study findings raise important implications, which can be helpful for decision makers regarding continuous improvement of performance, in which the findings assert the importance of achieving the best practices regarding relative efficiency through the linkage between the healthcare systems’ resources, and the needed outputs.

A sequence of pyrano[2, 3-c]pyrazoles was constructed through promoting an eco-friendly, green, and efficient approach. M1-M25 derivatives were developed by a base-catalyzed one-pot reaction involving application of hydrazine hydrate 96%, β-keto ester as ethyl acetoacetate or diethyl malonate, aryl/heteroaryl aldehyde or isatin, and enolizable active methylene compounds with isolation of unexpected compound M2. Further on, intramolecular cyclization of compounds M10, M13 with formic acid, acetic anhydride, and formamide leads to the corresponding pyrimidine derivatives M26-M31. Afterwards, the antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated and fortunately, the vast majority of the compounds showed outstanding anti-bacterial results. Besides, the potential mode of action of the synthesized compounds was determined by employing a molecular-docking study against penicillin-binding protein implicated in anti-bacterial action. Compound M21 was one of the most promising anti-bacterial agents with potential binding affinity against the penicillin-binding protein. This study shed light on novel compounds for further antimicrobial drug development.

The purpose of this paper was to identify different obstacles preventing the application and activating the overall quality management in marketing tourism services in Saudi Arabia. The study found a number of key findings on the constraints of applying overall quality management in marketing tourism services in Saudi Arabia. The study recommended the need to adopt an integrated system of comprehensive quality management in hotel organizations in Al-Kharj governorate in order to ensure the implementation of sound and correct marketing programs for these organizations by removing the obstacles, which stand in the way of the application of managing the overall quality of these organizations.

New series of mononuclear octahedral Ru(III) complexes of general formula [RuL^1-3Cl]Cl₂ (1-3) where L = dianion of Schiff bases namely: 2,2'-(((1E,1'E)-thiophene-2,5-diylbis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))diphenol (H₂L¹), 2,2'-(((1E,1'E)-thiophene-2,5-diylbis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))dibenzenethiol (H2L2) and 2,2'-(((1E,1'E)-thiophene-2,5-diylbis(methaneylyli-dene))bis(azaneylyli-dene))-dibenzoic acid (H₂L³), respectively are synthesized and characterized by different physico-chemical techniques. The results of interaction of complexes with CT-DNA supported that, the Ru (III) complexes bind to DNA via an intercalative mode. The interaction has also been investigated by gel electrophoresis. Interestingly, it was found that all Ru(III) complexes cleave super coiled (SC) pUC19 plasmid DNA efficiently in the absence of an external agent. Further, the antiproliferative activity of the complexes on Human Cervical Cancer Cells (HeLa) and Human Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) were evaluated by MTT assay, which revealed that, all the complexes showed more intense inhibition against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines, particularly Ru(III) complex (3) attenuated the strongest proliferation, allowing its use as chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.

To effectively manage the challenges associated with meeting schedules, costs, and quality requirements in construction projects, it is crucial to address potential risk factors. Despite extensive research on risk management in construction, a significant gap persists concerning the uniformity of risk factors and their effects across various construction project types, geographical locations, and cultural contexts. This research presents a structured three-step approach to risk management, covering risk identification, analysis, and response. The methodology is applied to both the General Construction (GC) and Banking Construction (BC) sectors in Egypt, involving industry professionals through surveys. Quantitative analysis using the Relative Importance Index (RII) and Fuzzy-set theory gauges the influence of each risk factor, while Spearman Ranked Correlation tests differentiate risk profiles between sectors. A comparative analysis highlights Egypt-specific risk factors versus regional or global factors. Key risk factors with high centrality scores are identified, and optimal risk reduction strategies are selected using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The study reveals significant sector-specific risk differences and highlights the need for tailored risk management strategies. Key contributions include identifying vital risk factors, comparing them globally and regionally, and proposing effective mitigation strategies to enhance project timelines, costs, and quality.

The continuous increase in energy consumption has brought worldwide attention to its significant environmental effect, which is triggered by the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and rapid climate change. As such, more energy efficient buildings are required to minimize the energy consumption of heating and cooling. The present study introduces a set of machine learning-based models to predict the heating and cooling loads in buildings. This includes back-propagation artificial neural network, generalized regression neural network, radial basis neural network, radial kernel support vector machines and ANOVA kernel support vector machines. The comparisons were conducted as per mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean squared error (RMSE). Finally, the significance of the capacities of the machine learning models are evaluated using two-tailed student’s t-tests. Results demonstrate that the radial basis function network outperformed the aforementioned machine learning models.

Construction emissions have become a major concern that has risen extensively in the last few decades. This paper introduces a building information modeling (BIM)-based model to evaluate the environmental and economic consequences of different project alternatives. The model calculates direct, indirect emissions and primary energy for the overall project life cycle. A hybrid fuzzy multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) problem is designed to model the uncertainties associated with the quantification of the judging attributes, and consequently to find the most sustainable materials by minimizing the objective functions; project duration, project life cycle cost, project overall emissions and total project primary energy. Finally, TOPSIS is applied to select the most sustainable material for each construction component among the set of Pareto optimal solutions. A case study of an academic building in Saudi Arabia is presented in order to exemplify the practical features of the proposed model.