The following work could bring new insights into the application of heterocyclic N, N′-substituted thiobenzamide derivatives as novel pesticides. Insect growth regulators such as chitin synthesis inhibitors seem promising because of their specific mode of action on insects and their lower toxicity against vertebrates than conventional insecticides. Thus, a novel series of thiobenzamide derivatives have been prepared in a pure state. The structure of these synthesized compounds which related to the most famous insect growth regulator insecticides, were confirmed by elemental and modern spectroscopic analyses (IR, UV, ¹HNMR and ₁₃CNMR). Toxicological and biochemical parameters of the synthesized compounds against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory conditions were also investigated. Regarding the determined LC₅₀ value for compound 2,4-Dichloro-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)carbamothioyl]- benzamide 14 showed the most potent toxic effects than the other synthetic target compounds, with LC50 46.84 ppm of 2nd instar larvae and LC50 148.05of the 4th instar larvae.

This manuscript reports the preparation and toxicological efficacy testing of nine oxoimidazolidine and cyanoguanidine compounds (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g 4a, and 4b) against cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. Bioefficacy data revealed that the tested compounds exhibited a range of toxicological activities against these insects, with compound 3b being the most toxic and compound 4a being the least effective. The LC50 value of compound 3b was 1.72 ppm for adults and 0.02 ppm against nymphs of the cowpea aphid, while the LC₅₀ value of compound 4a was 72.51 ppm for adults and 18.02 ppm against nymphs. The manuscript also presents the structure-activity relationships of these compounds. These results provide valuable insights into the development of effective pest control agents for the management of such insects.

Steroid and painkiller abuse induced peptic ulcer disease, which causes abdominal pain, fullness, heartburn, and nausea. Medicinal plants have treated ulcers for centuries. We used Piper attenuatum ethanolic plant extracts for aspirin to induce ulcers in Wistar rats to test the leaf ethanolic extract's antiulcer properties. The control group is normal saline, the standard group is ranitidine (20 mg/kg), and the extract-treated groups are 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg ethanolic plant extracts. Ulcer Score, gastric juice volume, free and total acidity, ulcer index, ulcer protection, and pH were measured. The ulcer score was determined via rat stomach biopsies. Plant ethanolic extracts are gastroprotective. Only pH increased compared to the control group. Piper attenuatum ethanolic extract is the most gastroprotective at 200 mg/kg. Extracts were phytochemically and analytically assessed. Phytochemical screening demonstrates that plant extracts contain alkaloids, amides, glucose, proteins, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, etc. This research suggests that phytoconstituents may have anti-ulcer potential, although structural elucidation of bioactive chemicals is needed. Molecular docking showed better binding affinity versus the 3D structure of pig gastric H+/K+ ATPase isoforms phytoconstituents Cepharadione A, Cepharadione B, Guineensine, Norcepharadione B, and Piperlonguminine. With these significant results, it may be a drug in the future.

Some new hydrazine complexes of trivalent lanthanide 3,3’-thiodipropanoates of empirical formulae [M(N₂H₅)(tdp)₂] and [Pr(N₂H₅)(tdp)₂·H₂O], where M = La, Ce, Sm and Nd, H₂tdp = 3,3’-thiodipropanoic acid, have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, mass, FTIR, Raman and electronic spectral, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and simultaneous TG–DTA techniques. The presence of bidentate carboxylate anion and coordinated N2H5 in these complexes are confirmed by IR spectra. TGA/DTA results confirmed that all the rare earth metal complexes give the corresponding metal carbonate (heating up to 1000 °C) through a metal oxalate intermediate. SEM images of Pr2O3 residue obtained from its complex show nano-sized clusters, thus the complex may be used as a precursor for nano-Pr₂O₃ preparation. The synthesized complexes show good antimicrobial activity against six bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Serratia species) and four fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium variance) as assessed by in vitro biological activity.

The present study evaluates the photochemical behavior of a nitroimidazole derivative drug metronidazole in presence of N,N dimethylaniline and ZnO nanoparticles. The photochemical behavior was examined in a photochemical reactor by irradiating with a light of 254 and 310 nm. After completion of reaction one photoproduct was obtained. The photoproduct was isolated by using column chromatography and the structure of the isolated photoproduct was established by different spectroscopic techniques. This study provides the probable mechanism of the photochemical transformation of metronidazole in presence of an electron donor and in presence of ZnO NPs. During the photochemical transformation the nitro group of metronidazole was reduced in the amine group by a series of electron transfer processes. The ZnO nanoparticles are very efficient catalysts, and they degrade almost 90% metronidazole in the 60 min of UV irradiation. The photocatalytic mechanism of the ZnO nanoparticles is also discussed.

Most of the d-metals are familiar with their distinctive properties and their applications have been extended in vast industry fields. Though they are doing outstanding work in industries and help to boost the economy of dependence. The excess uptake of d-metals explores significant health issues, and detrimental effects on the environment, and corrodes the biological species. Fluorescent probes based on Schiff base chemical compounds give more accuracy, and low-level detection for metal ions in water, chemicals, and in biological cells through commendable and quick fluorescence signals. So, it empowers the successful detection of d-metals in terms of dissimilar fluorescence responses by probes in light of metals. Based on the recent research in the field of Schiff base-based fluorescent probes and interpretation on effects for binding like ON-OFF PET, ICT, CHEF, and CHEQ this imperative review is framed.

A series of (E)-1-methyl-3-((substituted phenylimino)methyl)quinolin-2(¹H)-one schiff bases (3a-j) bearing quinoline moiety synthesized successfully in ethanol by condensation of starting material 1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (1) with various substituted anilines (2a-j). The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by proton (¹H) and carbon (¹³C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR), Mass spectroscopic study and elemental analysis. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was undertaken by agar well diffusion method against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus) gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Acetobactor sp.) and antifungal activity against (Aspergillus Flavus and Pichnanomala). Further the compounds which shows good activity (3b, 3c, 3d, 3f, 3g and 3j) are screened for in-vitro antitubercular activity by Micro-plate alamar blue assay (MABA) method against mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain provided important information about activity against these strains. The structure activities of the synthesized compounds were also discussed. Compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3f and 3g show good argument with the different substituent attached to the phenyl ring.

Condensed bicyclic systems with thiadiazole core being annelated to other five-membered heterocycles such as 1,3-thiazole, imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole occupy prominent place in medicinal chemistry because of their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. The combination of several heterocycles into a bicyclic system commonly provides much more interest in the enhanced activity profile of its analogs than their parent separate constituents. In this review, we summarized the literature data about the main approaches for obtaining and possible directions of structural modification of the most common 1,3,4-thiadiazole containing [5+5] annelated heterosystems as promising objects for modern medicinal chemistry.

The adsorption properties of hydroxyapatite of low crystallinity towards methionine have been examined. The chemical composition of hydroxyapatite was taken as an experimental variable in order to have a point of view on the parameters of the adsorption process and the mechanisms established between adsorbent-adsorbate. The adsorption kinetics are relatively fast, and the high amounts adsorbed at saturation are obtained for non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite, containing more HPO4^2- ions and having a high specific surface area. The good agreement of the experimental data with kinetic models confirms that the mechanism can be perfectly described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Adsorption isotherm models show that Langmuir's model gives a better fit of experimental data compared to that of Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the interaction between the -COO^- ions of methionine and the Ca²⁺ ions of hydroxyapatite. The thermodynamic parameters, the isoelectric point of methionine and the point of zero charge of hydroxyapatite with different Ca/P ratios show that the adsorption process is considered spontaneous, exothermic and often controlled by physisorption with interactions electrostatic.

In the present work, Zn, Cu monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using leaves extract of Borassus flabellifer. Plant extract acts as both surfactant and reducing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterised by UV-Vis, XRD, FESEM, EDX, and HRTEM techniques. UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to monitor the synthesis of nanoparticles. XRD technique was used to confirm the amorphous nature of nanoparticles. The FESEM images demonstrate that the shape of the nanoparticles such as Zn monometallic (pseudo-spherical), Cu monometallic (rod), Zn-Cu bimetallic are (pseudo-spherical and rod-shaped). HRTEM images show the approximate size of the Zn, Cu monometallic and Zn-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles is 3.0 nm, 3.52 nm and 2.2 nm respectively. EDX spectra confirm the presence of Zn, Cu and O in the sample. Synthesized Zn, Cu monometallic nanoparticles, and Zn-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles were used to evaluate their possible antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Bimetallic nanoparticles displayed higher antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties in the comparison of monometallic nanoparticles. The results suggest that Zn-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles have greater potential than monometallic nanoparticles.