The main objective of this research is to examine the effect of environmental concern, subjective environmental knowledge towards green purchasing intentions. Also, this study has examined the moderation role of green skepticism towards these relationships. The population of this research is consumers of green purchasing in Saudi Arabia’s manufacturing industry. The quantitative approach using convenience sampling has been used for data collection. The PLS-SEM using SmartPLS 3.2.8 was used. Environmental concern has a significantly positive effect on green purchasing intention while significantly negative effect on subjective environmental knowledge and lastly, subjective environmental knowledge has significantly positive effect on green purchasing intention. Furthermore, green skepticism does not moderate the effect of subjective environmental knowledge on green purchasing intention and the effect of environmental concern on subjective environmental knowledge; however, green skepticism significantly decreases the effect of environmental concern on green purchase intention. The managers are recommended to provide environmental programs towards consumers that can increase their environmental concerns and lead to gaining proper knowledge and awareness.

The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and financial reporting quality in Saudi Arabia's manufacturing sector. The data is collected through the database of Thomson Reuters from 30 manufacturing companies of Saudi Arabia over the period 2014-2020. Descriptive statistics and the generalized least square (GLS) model were applied. The dependent variable was calculated through residuals and was found as discretionary accruals (DA). The findings reveal that there was a positive influence of corporate governance on CSR performance and financial reporting quality. It was found that sample size was one of the biggest limitations because only data from 2014 to 2020 were collected and to make the study more reliable and authentic, larger data is required.

The aim linked with the present article is to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibilities and board diversity on the earning management of the Jordanian listed firms. The top twelve trading listed firms have been selected from the Jordan stock exchange and data has been extracted from 2011 to 2020. The robust standard error along with the generalized method of moment (GMM) has been used for the analysis purpose. The results indicated that corporate social responsibilities and board diversity have a positive association with earning management of the Jordanian firm. These findings are suitable for the regulators while formulating policies on the corporate social responsibilities and earning management of the firm. These findings have guided the policymakers that they should enhance their focus on the corporate social responsibilities that enhance the earning management of the company. This study is also helpful for the new researcher while investigating this area in the future.

This study came with the aim of identifying the impact of the green supply chain on sustainability. This research targeted managers at the senior and middle levels of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Jordan, as they were formulating the company's strategies and determining its policies. A purposive sample consisting of 258 managers was selected. To gather the data needed for the analysis, a self-report questionnaire was used formulated electronically through Google Forms. AMOS software was used to examine the research hypotheses. The study concluded that there was an impact of the green supply chain with its dimensions (Eco-Design, Green Distribution, Green Purchasing, Green Manufacturing, and Green Reverse Logistics) on sustainability. Based on this result, the researcher recommends pharmaceutical companies in Jordan to take green initiatives and the trends towards implementing a green supply chain approach that reduces the consumption of non-renewable resources and waste, and to establish special laws and regulations in the company that oblige employees to apply the green approach in their practices within the work.