Increasing the yield and nutritional value of faba beans is one of the main objectives of the common bean cultivar improvement programs due to its contribution to terminate protein deficiency malnutrition in developing countries and raising the income level of smallholder farmers. In this study, the technological quality of bean seeds from twenty-four genotypes were evaluated (twenty germplasm and four improved cultivars (Misr 1, Giza 429, Giza 716, Giza 843). The results showed a significant diversity in the Egyptian bean germplasm in their quality traits compared to the control cultivars and indicated that the genotypes had a high hydration coefficient that ranged between (98.6-112.4%). While most of the genotypes for cotyledons to hull ratio met the commercial criteria that ranged between (7.41-6.41%). Twenty genotypes had the highest total soluble solids (6.90-11.78%) and were superior to the control cultivars. The seeds chemical composition analysis showed that the genotypes differed in their composition such as protein (26.65 to 30.72 %.), carbohydrate (58.00 to 62.25%), tannin (70.67 to 157.45%), phenols (35.23-51.02 %), and moisture (9.15 to 10.45%).

Oxygen-containing heterocycles are largely distributed in natural and synthetic compounds. Coumarins are among the most famous heterocycles which possess one oxygen atom in their rings. Coumarins are classified as multifunctional scaffold and are used as anti-oxidant reagents, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-HIV active, analgesic, anti-histaminic, insecticides, dyes, herbicides, sensitizers, perfumes, cosmetics and food additives. Due to their diverse applications in industrial and pharmaceutical fields, many chemists have given significant interest to these compounds. Herein, the review highlights various methods for the synthesis and interactions of coumarin moiety as one of the most efficient categories of heterocycles.

Pyrimidine compounds continue to attract great interest in the field of organic synthesis due to their various chemical and biological applications observed, especially in recent times. As a result, this review covering some periods from 1957 to 2021 has been prepared to discuss some of the structural pathways of these compounds as well as some of their interactions and applications.

Different methods for the synthesis of pyridine derivatives as well as the chemical reactivity profiles and structures of these substances are reviewed. The utility of these compounds as precursors is emphasized in the synthesis of many heterocycles that are pharmacologically active organic compounds and agrochemicals. This review results from a literature survey containing some synthetic methods and applications of pyridine derivatives.