Farmers face various risks such as production risks in the use of technology, pests, climate change and natural disasters. Farmers in disaster-prone areas have different responses depending on their behavior towards the risks posed. The main problem in this research is how farmers behave towards production risks due to flooding and the technical efficiency of rice farming in flood-prone areas. The aim of this research is to analyze farmers' behavior towards production risks due to flooding and the technical efficiency of rice farmers in flood-prone areas. The results of this research will provide important information for policy simulations that the government can implement towards farmers affected by natural disasters and for sustainable disaster mitigation strategies. The novelty of this research is that it combines two theories, namely risk behavior and agricultural technical efficiency in producing disaster mitigation strategies. The research location was determined purposefully in Pasuruan and Bojonegoro Regencies. The data in this research are primary and secondary data with the sample in this research being farmers. The sampling technique in this research is a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The analysis method in this research uses Just Pope. and the Cobb-Douglas production function model with the Stochastic Production Frontier approach. The target of these research findings is a model of the types of behavior regarding the risks of farmers who are flood victims, as well as the level of technical efficiency of rice farming and the factors that influence it. The expected findings are policy recommendations regarding disaster mitigation from economic and agricultural risk aspects to create sustainable agriculture.

This study aims to examine the effect of halal labels on purchasing decisions with brand image as an intervening variable in rice processing companies. The study investigates the effect of halal labels on purchasing decisions, the effect of the halal label on brand image and the effect of brand image on purchasing decisions. The research method is quantitative and carried out using an online questionnaire distributed through social media. Determination of the research sample used a purposive sampling method, with the criteria of consumers of rice processing companies domiciled in the last year. 345 filled questionnaires were collected and processed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that the halal label and brand image had a significant effect on purchasing decisions, brand image also played a mediating variable between the effect of halal labels and purchasing decisions. The study contributes to the theory that halal labels and brand image had a positive impact on purchase intentions. Company managers apply a halal label and create a brand image to increase purchase intention. Meanwhile for the industry, the research can be an important reference for consumer responses. Moreover, for academics, the results of this study become a reference for knowledge related to factors related to consumer purchasing decisions in consuming rice including the halal label, price, and brand image aspects.