The present study analyzed the relationship between the average annual temperature and the area of Amazonian forest in the departments of Peru during the period 2013-2021, using a panel data model with random effects. The data used come from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) and include the average annual temperature in degrees Celsius and the area of Amazonian rainforest in thousands of hectares, both disaggregated by department. Additionally, CO2 emissions resulting from the loss of tree cover, measured in megatons (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e), were considered as a control variable. The results revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between the area of Amazonian forest and the average annual temperature, denoting that an increase of one thousand hectares in the extension of the forest corresponds to an increase of 0.0004 °C in temperature. In this sense, the finding contradicts the climate-regulating role played by forests, however, this is attributed to the influence of unobserved confounding variables that are linked to both forest area and temperature.

In his research, he has established an analysis of the consumption of renewable energy and its impact on CO2 emissions in Peru, 1990-2020. The research employs a quantitative approach and longitudinal non-experimental design, with a multiple linear regression model. It uses time series drawn from the World Bank on renewable energy consumption and energy consumption. A progressive increase was reflected mainly driven by industrial growth, fossil fuel consumption and changes in consumption and production patterns.

Rainfall and temperature are essential inputs for agricultural production, especially climate change-related ones. In turn, it is necessary for the development and survival of both men and animals at all biotic levels. In a reserve of great importance for the country, such as the Pacaya Samiria, these two factors play a preponderant role in the survival of animals and inhabitants of it. In this paper, VAR analysis with Granger's causality was used to determine the relationship between both variables. It was shown that there was a short-term positive relationship between climate change and rainfall in Pacaya Samiria.

Polluted air creates health problems for people, plants and animals today due to many factors in industrial cities and power generation projects, transportation and chemical industry and others. It is for this reason that this research in bibliographic review allows us to know the different solutions to produce hydrogen through the analysis of the Scopus database and the VOSviewer tool that allows us to analyze the data, considering the variables that are artificial leaf, hydrogen, production , clean energy through seawater, graphs and tables were obtained which provide us with an analysis of the number of publications, the countries that carry out these investigations and the bibliometric maps worldwide for a global analysis. The results allow us to analyze and learn about the different solutions and materials that are used to carry out artificial photosynthesis that develops the production of hydrogen by separating water molecules with the aim of emitting zero emissions and being able to use it in different applications such as fuel, energy electrical, industrial uses and others. The purpose of this research is to allow us to make better decisions to apply this methodology according to the materials that we have in greater scope and that is a promising future for a generation of the new industry for the following years, also considering the objectives of sustainable development and finally, motivate readers to continue with these investigations and be able to apply it with institutions in charge of combating this problem.